{"id":275,"date":"2023-09-01T07:19:41","date_gmt":"2023-09-01T07:19:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mehmetozgurersan.com\/?p=275"},"modified":"2023-09-01T07:19:41","modified_gmt":"2023-09-01T07:19:41","slug":"turkistan-piri-hoca-ahmet-yesevi-turbesi-ve-aksak-demir-emir-timur","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mehmetozgurersan.com\/?p=275","title":{"rendered":"T\u00dcRK\u0130STAN P\u0130R\u0130 HOCA AHMET YESEV\u0130 T\u00dcRBES\u0130 VE AKSAK DEM\u0130R EM\u0130R T\u0130MUR"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Hoca Ahmet Yesevi T\u00fcrbesi ve Emir Timur<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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UNESCO D\u00fcnya Miras\u0131 Listesi’nde de yer alan Hoca Ahmed Yesev\u00ee T\u00fcrbesi, Kazakistan’\u0131n g\u00fcneyindeki T\u00fcrkistan \u015fehrinde bulunuyor. B\u00fcy\u00fck Timur \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu d\u00f6neminde, 1389 y\u0131l\u0131nda Timur taraf\u0131ndan in\u015fa ettirilen yap\u0131, tarihi bir kale yak\u0131n\u0131na konu\u015fland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u015eimdi Arkeolojik Sit ilan edilen alan, ba\u015fka t\u00fcrbeleri, cami ve hamam gibi orta\u00e7a\u011f yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eriyor.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Ahmed Yesevi T\u00fcrbesi\u2019nin yap\u0131m\u0131 ile ilgili bir rivayet de T\u00fcrk tarihi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden \u00f6nemli bir boyutu ortaya sermektedir. Bu rivayete g\u00f6re vefat\u0131ndan sonra da kerametleri devam eden Ahmed Yesevi, kendisinden iki as\u0131r sonra ya\u015fayan b\u00fcy\u00fck T\u00fcrk han\u0131 Emir Timur\u2019un r\u00fcyas\u0131na girerek Buhar\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n fethini m\u00fcjdeler.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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T\u00fcrbenin yap\u0131m \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcne gelince; Timur, Buhara’ya giderken yolda T\u00fcrkistan’a u\u011framas\u0131 gerekir. Buradayken, T\u00fcrkistanl\u0131 Hoca Ahmed Yesev\u00ee r\u00fcyas\u0131na girer. “Ey yi\u011fit \u00e7abuk Buhara’ya git, oradaki zalim \u015fah\u0131n eceli senin elinden, halk senden kurtulu\u015f \u00fcmidi bekler” der.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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R\u00fcyadan uyanan Timur, \u015f\u00fckrettikten sonra T\u00fcrkistan hakimi Nogaybak’\u0131 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rt\u0131p Ahmed Yesev\u00ee’nin mezar\u0131na \u00e7ok g\u00fczel bir t\u00fcrbe yapt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 emreder.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Bu i\u015faret \u00fczerine Buhara \u00fczerine sefere \u00e7\u0131kan Emir Timur (1336-1405), zafere ula\u015ft\u0131ktan sonra manevi bir \u015f\u00fckran hissi ile Ahmed Yesevi\u2019yi ziyaret i\u00e7in Yesi\u2019 ye gelir. 1396 y\u0131l\u0131 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019\u00fcnde Ahmed Yesevi\u2019nin m\u00fctevazi kabrini ziyaret eden Emir Timur, yan\u0131nda bulunanlardan Mevlana Abdull\u00e2h Sadr\u0131 Ahmed Yesevi\u2019ye ait kabrin \u00fczerine muhte\u015fem bir t\u00fcrbe yap\u0131m\u0131yla g\u00f6revlendirir ve t\u00fcrbe yap\u0131m\u0131na ili\u015fkin baz\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcleri bizzat belirler.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Yap\u0131 d\u00fczeni dikd\u00f6rtgen olan 45,8 x 62,7 m \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlerindeki t\u00fcrbe 38,7 m y\u00fcksekli\u011finde. Yap\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan birincil malzeme olarak har\u00e7 (havan), al\u00e7\u0131 ve kil kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131ndan olu\u015fan ate\u015f tu\u011flas\u0131 kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u00d6zg\u00fcn esas temel, suyun i\u00e7ine i\u015flemesini \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in 1,5 m. derinli\u011fe ula\u015fan kil katman\u0131 ile \u00e7evrili. Ziyaret\u00e7ilerin girdi\u011fi 18,2 x 18,2 m boyutlu t\u00fcrbe ana giri\u015fi g\u00fcneydo\u011fuda bulunuyor.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Ana b\u00f6l\u00fcm Kazand\u0131k (“bak\u0131r oda”) olarak biliniyor ve bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm, Orta Asya’da en b\u00fcy\u00fck olan 18,2 m \u00e7ap\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcnde bir tu\u011fla kubbe ile kapl\u0131. Kazand\u0131k b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ortas\u0131nda, dini ama\u00e7lar i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bir tun\u00e7 Kazan yer al\u0131yor. Yesev\u00ee’nin mezar\u0131 merkezi eksende binan\u0131n sonunda kuzeybat\u0131da, lahit b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn tam olarak ortas\u0131nda yer al\u0131yor.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Yivli \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 bulunan bu \u00e7ift kubbelerden i\u00e7 kubbe 17,0 m ve d\u0131\u015f kubbe 28,0 m y\u00fckseklikte. Kubbenin d\u0131\u015f\u0131, alt\u0131n desenli alt\u0131gen ye\u015fil s\u0131rl\u0131 \u00e7inilerle kapl\u0131.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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O d\u00f6nem T\u00fcrkistan\u2019\u0131n en \u00fcnl\u00fc mimar\u0131 Hoca H\u00fcseyin \u015eirazi adl\u0131 bir mimar taraf\u0131ndan k\u00fclliyenin in\u015fa\u0131na ba\u015flan\u0131r. Devrin mimari \u015faheserlerinden olan t\u00fcrbenin yap\u0131m\u0131 iki y\u0131lda tamamlan\u0131r; t\u00fcrbe yine Emir Timur\u2019un direktifi ile t\u00fcrbeye eklenen mescid, dergah, mutfak ve di\u011fer hizmet binalar\u0131 ile beraber b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u00fclliye halini al\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Bu muazzam eserin tamamlanmas\u0131ndan sonra ziyarete gelen Emir Timur, Yesi kentinin yoksullar\u0131n\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na sarf edilmek \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok sadakada bulunur; aynca t\u00fcrbenin ve m\u00fc\u015ftemilat\u0131ndaki dergah\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u00e7in de t\u00fcrbeyi \u00e7epe\u00e7evre ku\u015fatan geni\u015f bir araziyi ve T\u00fcrkistan\u2019daki sulama kanallar\u0131n\u0131n gelirlerini vakfiye olarak tesbit eder.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Hoca Ahmed Yesev\u00ee T\u00fcrbesi’nin beden duvarlar\u0131, Kur’an’n\u0131n En’am suresinin 59. – 63. ayetlerinden, hadislerden ve ulu s\u00f6zlerden se\u00e7ilen iri s\u00fcl\u00fcs hatlarla yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f yaz\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7eriyor. Ana kubbenin sekizgen kasna\u011f\u0131nda, b\u00fcy\u00fck kufi hatla \u00e7epe\u00e7evre “el-In\u00e2yet\u00fc lill\u00e2h, el-Ata lill\u00e2h” (\u0130yilik Allah i\u00e7indir, ba\u011f\u0131\u015f Allah i\u00e7indir.) s\u00f6zleri tekrarlan\u0131yor.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Yine ayn\u0131 kubbenin kare g\u00f6vdesinin do\u011fu ve bat\u0131 y\u00fczlerinde orta \u00fcst k\u0131s\u0131mlarda, nispeten k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck s\u00fcl\u00fcs harflerle “Kale’n-nebiyy\u00fc aleyhi’s-sel\u00e2m: ed-D\u00fcny\u00e2 cifet\u00fcn ve t\u00e2lib\u00fch\u00e2 kil\u00e2b\u00fcn.” (Peygamber aleyhissel\u00e2m buyurdu. D\u00fcnya bir le\u015ftir ve onun isteklisi k\u00f6peklerdir.) anlat\u0131m\u0131 yer al\u0131yor.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Ahmed Yesev\u00ee’nin kabrinin bulundu\u011fu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn \u00fcst\u00fcne isabet eden k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kubbenin g\u00f6vdesinde \u00e7epe\u00e7evre, iri kufi hatla, “el-M\u00fclk\u00fc lill\u00e2h” (M\u00fclk Allah’\u0131nd\u0131r) yaz\u0131lar\u0131 mevcut…<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Emir Timur\u2019un Hoca Ahmed Yesevi\u2019ye duydu\u011fu sayg\u0131 O\u2019nun manevi tasarrufuna olan inanc\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6stermektedir. Sovyet Rus y\u00f6netimi alt\u0131ndaki y\u0131llarda T\u00fcrkistan\u2019daki Ahmed Yesevi K\u00fclliyesi\u2019 nin T\u00fcrkistan\u2019\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli yerlerinden gelen \u00e7e\u015fitli T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131ndan M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar nezdindeki itibar\u0131 -bu u\u011furda \u00e7ok gayret edilmesine ra\u011fmen- yok edilememi\u015ftir. Ahmed Yesevf\u2019nin manevi otoritesini y\u0131kamayan Rus y\u00f6netimi O\u2019nun t\u00fcrbesinin de bulundu\u011fu k\u00fclliyeyi \u201cK\u00fclt\u00fcr-park\u201d ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda bir m\u00fcze haline getirip dini maksatl\u0131 ziyareti ve dergahta herhangi bir \u015fekilde ibadet edilmesini yasaklamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen T\u00fcrkistan M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 k\u00fclliyeyi asliyetine uygun olarak ya\u015fatma azmini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015flerdir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Bu arada dergah i\u00e7inde yer alan tarihi k\u0131ymete haiz bir\u00e7ok e\u015fya da ba\u015fta Leningard (yeniden Petersburg ad\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir) Hermitage m\u00fczesi olmak \u00fczere de\u011fi\u015fik m\u00fczelere da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrbe i\u00e7inde yer alan ve yedi ayr\u0131 metalin ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131ndan d\u00f6k\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olan iki ton a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki ve \u00fc\u00e7bin litre su alma kapasitesindeki d\u00f6k\u00fcm kazan bizzat Stalin\u2019in emriyle 1934 y\u0131l\u0131nda g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir sergiden getirilmeyerek Leningrad Hermitage m\u00fczesine konmu\u015ftur.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Son d\u00f6nemde Kazakistan makamlar\u0131n\u0131n gayreti ile t\u00fcrbeye ait tarihi materyalin iadesi sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f ve bu arada d\u00f6k\u00fcm kazan da 18 Eyl\u00fcl 1989 tarihinde yeniden t\u00fcrbedeki yerini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Son birka\u00e7 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde sa\u011flanan kolayl\u0131klar sonunda Ahmed Yesevi T\u00fcrbesi\u2019nin asli maksad\u0131na uygun bir ziyaretgah olarak yeniden ihyas\u0131 yolunda \u00f6nemli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan restorasyon \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 yerine getirme\u011fi T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti K\u00fclt\u00fcr Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taahh\u00fct etmi\u015f ve 1993 y\u0131l\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda Vak\u0131flar Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc restorasyon \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 fiilen ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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T\u00fcrk ve \u0130sl\u00e2m d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n ortak hazinesi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr de\u011feri olan bu K\u00fclliyenin yenilenmesi, Kazakistan Devleti ile yap\u0131lan bir anla\u015fma sonucu T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti \u00fczerine alm\u0131\u015f ve 1993 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve \u00d6ner Kabasakal’\u0131n Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6neminde T\u0130KA uzmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile yeniden tamir edilmi\u015fti.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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A\u015fk ile<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Mehmet \u00d6zg\u00fcr Ersan<\/div>\n
Abdal Yesari<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Hoca Ahmet Yesevi T\u00fcrbesi ve Emir Timur UNESCO D\u00fcnya Miras\u0131 Listesi’nde de yer alan Hoca Ahmed Yesev\u00ee T\u00fcrbesi, Kazakistan’\u0131n g\u00fcneyindeki T\u00fcrkistan \u015fehrinde bulunuyor. B\u00fcy\u00fck Timur \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu d\u00f6neminde, 1389 y\u0131l\u0131nda Timur…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":276,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-275","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-makale"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mehmetozgurersan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/275","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mehmetozgurersan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mehmetozgurersan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mehmetozgurersan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mehmetozgurersan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=275"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/mehmetozgurersan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/275\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":277,"href":"https:\/\/mehmetozgurersan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/275\/revisions\/277"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mehmetozgurersan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/276"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mehmetozgurersan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=275"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mehmetozgurersan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=275"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mehmetozgurersan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=275"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}