Giri\u015f:<\/p>\n
Tasavvuf, \u0130slam dininin manevi ve mistik boyutunu ke\u015ffetmeyi ama\u00e7layan bir disiplindir. Bu yolculukta, “makam” denilen manevi mertebeler \u00f6nemli bir rol oynar. Makamlar, s\u00e2likin (manevi yolcu) Allah’a yak\u0131nla\u015fma yolunda ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ahlaki ve ruhi olgunluk seviyelerini g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n
Tasavvuf Makamlar\u0131<\/p>\n
Tasavvuf, \u0130slam dininin i\u00e7inde geli\u015fen bir manevi disiplindir. Tasavvufun amac\u0131, insan\u0131n Allah’\u0131 tan\u0131mas\u0131, O’na yak\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 ve O’nun r\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131 kazanmas\u0131d\u0131r. Tasavvuf, insan\u0131n nefis, kalp ve ruh gibi latifelerini ar\u0131nd\u0131rarak, onlar\u0131 Allah’\u0131n isim ve s\u0131fatlar\u0131yla ahlakland\u0131rmay\u0131 hedefler. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, seyr\u00fcs\u00fcl\u00fck veya s\u00fcl\u00fck ad\u0131 verilen bir manevi yolculuktur. Seyr\u00fcs\u00fcl\u00fck, insan\u0131n kendini tan\u0131mas\u0131, nefsini terbiye etmesi, kalbini ayd\u0131nlatmas\u0131 ve ruhunu y\u00fcceltmesi i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli a\u015famalardan ge\u00e7mesidir. Bu a\u015famalar, tasavvufta makam olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
D\u00f6rt Kap\u0131 \u00dc\u00e7 Makam:<\/p>\n
Makam, s\u00f6zl\u00fckte ayakta durulan yer, ikametgah, mertebe, mevki gibi anlamlara gelir. Tasavvuf terimi olarak ise, s\u00e2likin (manevi yolcu) seyr\u00fcs\u00fcl\u00fck esnas\u0131nda ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ahlaki ve ruhi durumlar\u0131 ifade eder. Makam, s\u00e2likin Allah’\u0131n emir ve yasaklar\u0131na uygun bir hayat s\u00fcrmesi, nefsinin isteklerini s\u0131n\u0131rlamas\u0131, Allah’a g\u00fcvenip teslim olmas\u0131, O’nun kudret ve rahmetini g\u00f6rmesi, O’ndan ba\u015fka hi\u00e7bir \u015feye ba\u011flanmamas\u0131 gibi \u00f6zellikleri kazanmas\u0131yla elde edilir. Makam, s\u00e2likin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, gayreti ve m\u00fccadelesi sonucunda kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir meziyettir. Makam, ayn\u0131 zamanda s\u00e2likin Allah’\u0131n r\u0131zas\u0131na daha yak\u0131n oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steren bir i\u015farettir.<\/p>\n
Tasavvufta makamlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 ve s\u0131ralamas\u0131 konusunda s\u00fbf\u00eeler aras\u0131nda farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler vard\u0131r. Baz\u0131 s\u00fbf\u00eeler, makamlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yedi, on, k\u0131rk, y\u00fcz veya bin olarak belirtirken, baz\u0131lar\u0131 ise makamlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n belirlenemeyece\u011fini, s\u00e2likin Allah ile olan ili\u015fkisine g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015febilece\u011fini s\u00f6yler. Ancak genel olarak kabul edilen bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re, tasavvufta d\u00f6rt kap\u0131 ve \u00fc\u00e7 makam vard\u0131r. D\u00f6rt kap\u0131, s\u00e2likin seyr\u00fcs\u00fcl\u00fckte ge\u00e7mesi gereken d\u00f6rt a\u015famad\u0131r. Bunlar \u015feriat, tarikat, marifet ve hakikat kap\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7 makam ise, s\u00e2likin bu kap\u0131larda edindi\u011fi \u00fc\u00e7 temel vas\u0131ft\u0131r. Bunlar adab, ahlak ve ahvaldir.<\/p>\n
\u015eeriat kap\u0131s\u0131, s\u00e2likin \u0130slam’\u0131n d\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne uygun bir hayat s\u00fcrmesi, ibadet, muamelat ve ahlak kurallar\u0131na riayet etmesi, g\u00fcnahlardan ve haramlardan ka\u00e7\u0131nmas\u0131, helal kazan\u00e7 pe\u015finde ko\u015fmas\u0131, insanlara iyi davranmas\u0131, adaletli ve merhametli olmas\u0131 gereken kap\u0131d\u0131r. \u015eeriat kap\u0131s\u0131, s\u00e2likin seyr\u00fcs\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 ve temelidir. \u015eeriat kap\u0131s\u0131nda s\u00e2likin kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 makam adabt\u0131r. Adab, s\u00e2likin Allah’a, Peygamber’e, velilere, m\u00fcr\u015fide, karde\u015flere ve b\u00fct\u00fcn yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015flara kar\u015f\u0131 sayg\u0131l\u0131, edepli ve h\u00fcrmetli olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Adab, s\u00e2likin kalbini temizler, nefsini yumu\u015fat\u0131r, ruhunu y\u00fckseltir.<\/p>\n
Tarikat kap\u0131s\u0131, s\u00e2likin \u0130slam’\u0131n i\u00e7 y\u00fcz\u00fcne y\u00f6nelmesi, Allah’\u0131 tan\u0131mas\u0131, O’na yak\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131, O’nun sevgisini ve dostlu\u011funu kazanmas\u0131 gereken kap\u0131d\u0131r. Tarikat kap\u0131s\u0131, s\u00e2likin nefsiyle m\u00fccadele etmesi, riyazet ve m\u00fccahede yapmas\u0131, zikir ve fikir ile me\u015fgul olmas\u0131, Allah’\u0131n isim ve s\u0131fatlar\u0131n\u0131 anlamas\u0131, onlarla ahlaklanmas\u0131 gereken kap\u0131d\u0131r. Tarikat kap\u0131s\u0131nda s\u00e2likin kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 makam ahlakt\u0131r. Ahlak, s\u00e2likin Allah’\u0131n r\u0131zas\u0131na uygun bir karakter geli\u015ftirmesi, g\u00fczel huylar edinmesi, k\u00f6t\u00fc huylardan ar\u0131nmas\u0131, sab\u0131r, \u015f\u00fck\u00fcr, tevekk\u00fcl, r\u0131za, kanaat, tevazu, c\u00f6mertlik, affedicilik gibi erdemleri kazanmas\u0131d\u0131r. Ahlak, s\u00e2likin kalbini ayd\u0131nlat\u0131r, nefsini terbiye eder, ruhunu g\u00fczelle\u015ftirir.<\/p>\n
Marifet kap\u0131s\u0131, s\u00e2likin Allah’\u0131 bilmekten \u00f6te O’nu g\u00f6rmesi, O’nunla konu\u015fmas\u0131, O’nunla beraber olmas\u0131 gereken kap\u0131d\u0131r. Marifet kap\u0131s\u0131, s\u00e2likin Allah’\u0131n kudret ve rahmetinin tecellilerini g\u00f6rmesi, O’nun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n delillerini fark etmesi, O’nunla s\u00fcrekli irtibat halinde olmas\u0131 gereken kap\u0131d\u0131r. Marifet kap\u0131s\u0131nda s\u00e2likin kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 makam ahvaldir. Ahval, s\u00e2likin Allah’tan gelen ilham, ke\u015fif, keramet, \u015fuhud, vuslat, cemal, celal, a\u015fk, \u015fevk, vecd, isti\u011frak, fenafillah, bekabillah gibi manevi hallerdir. Ahval, s\u00e2likin kalbini Allah’a ba\u011flar, nefsini Allah’a teslim eder, ruhunu Allah’a ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Hakikat kap\u0131s\u0131, s\u00e2likin Allah’\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn varl\u0131klardan soyutlayarak O’nun zat\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mas\u0131, O’nunla bir olmas\u0131 gereken kap\u0131d\u0131r. Hakikat kap\u0131s\u0131, s\u00e2likin Allah’\u0131n zat\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131rlar\u0131na vak\u0131f olmas\u0131, O’nunla m\u00fcnasebetini en y\u00fcksek dereceye \u00e7\u0131karmas\u0131 gereken kap\u0131d\u0131r. Hakikat kap\u0131s\u0131nda s\u00e2likin kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 makam, tasavvufun en y\u00fcksek makam\u0131 olan Ha\u015fret-i Rabbu’l-\u0130zzetliktir. Bu makam, s\u00e2likin Allah’\u0131n kudret ve y\u00fcceli\u011finin tecelli etti\u011fi k\u0131yamet g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6rmesi, Allah’\u0131n huzuruna varmas\u0131, Allah’\u0131n cemalini seyretmesi, Allah’\u0131n zat\u0131n\u0131 bilmesi, Allah’\u0131n ahlak\u0131yla ahlaklanmas\u0131, Allah’\u0131n s\u0131fatlar\u0131yla s\u0131fatlanmas\u0131, Allah’\u0131n isimleriyle isimlenmesi, Allah’\u0131n fiilleriyle fiillenmesi, Allah’\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla var olmas\u0131, Allah’\u0131n yoklu\u011fuyla yok olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu makam, s\u00e2likin kalbini, nefsini ve ruhunu Allah’a feda etmesi, Allah’\u0131n kalbi, nefsi ve ruhu olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7 olarak, tasavvuf makamlar\u0131, s\u00e2likin seyr\u00fcs\u00fcl\u00fck esnas\u0131nda ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ahlaki ve ruhi durumlar\u0131 ifade eder. Makamlar, s\u00e2likin Allah’a olan yak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve O’nun r\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131 kazanmas\u0131n\u0131n bir g\u00f6stergesidir.<\/p>\n
Tasavvufta genel olarak kabul g\u00f6ren bir sistematik, d\u00f6rt kap\u0131 ve \u00fc\u00e7 makamdan olu\u015fur:<\/p>\n
D\u00f6rt Kap\u0131:<\/p>\n
\u015eeriat Kap\u0131s\u0131:\u00a0\u0130slam’\u0131n emir ve yasaklar\u0131na uymak,\u00a0ibadetleri yerine getirmek ve ahlaki ilkeleri g\u00f6zetmek bu kap\u0131n\u0131n temelini olu\u015fturur.
\nTarikat Kap\u0131s\u0131:\u00a0Zikir,\u00a0tefekk\u00fcr,\u00a0riyazet ve m\u00fccahede gibi manevi uygulamalar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla nefs terbiyesi ve Allah’a yak\u0131nla\u015fma bu kap\u0131da \u00f6n plandad\u0131r.
\nMarifet Kap\u0131s\u0131:\u00a0Allah’\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve s\u0131fatlar\u0131n\u0131 bilmek,\u00a0O’nun kudret ve rahmetini ke\u015ffetmek bu kap\u0131n\u0131n ana temas\u0131d\u0131r.
\nHakikat Kap\u0131s\u0131:\u00a0Allah’\u0131n zat\u0131n\u0131 bilmek ve O’na var olmak bu kap\u0131n\u0131n en y\u00fcksek gayesidir.<\/p>\n
\u00dc\u00e7 Makam:<\/p>\n
Adab:\u00a0Allah’a,\u00a0Peygamber’e,\u00a0m\u00fcr\u015fide ve di\u011fer insanlara kar\u015f\u0131 sayg\u0131 ve h\u00fcrmet g\u00f6stermek bu makam\u0131n temelini olu\u015fturur.
\nAhlak:\u00a0Sab\u0131r,\u00a0\u015f\u00fck\u00fcr,\u00a0tevekk\u00fcl,\u00a0kanaat,\u00a0c\u00f6mertlik ve merhamet gibi erdemleri kazanmak bu makam\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir \u00f6zelli\u011fidir.
\nAhval:\u00a0Allah’tan gelen ilham,\u00a0ke\u015fif,\u00a0keramet ve vecd gibi manevi haller bu makamda tecelli eder.<\/p>\n
On Makam\u0131n Detayl\u0131 \u0130ncelemesi:<\/p>\n
Kanaat: D\u00fcnyal\u0131klarla yetinmek ve elindekinden memnun olmak. D\u00fcnyev\u00ee varl\u0131klara ve nimetlerin fazlal\u0131\u011f\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 duymadan elindekinden memnun olma hali.
\nBelaya Tahamm\u00fcl Etmek:\u00a0Zorluklara ve musibetlere kar\u015f\u0131 sab\u0131rl\u0131 davranmak ve Allah’a tevekk\u00fcl etmek.Zorluklara ve musibetlere kar\u015f\u0131 sab\u0131rl\u0131 davranmak, isyan etmeden Allah’a tevekk\u00fcl etmek.
\nTanr\u0131’n\u0131n Kullu\u011funa Ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k:\u00a0Allah’\u0131n emirlerine ve yasaklar\u0131na uymak ve her an O’nun r\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zetmek.Allah’\u0131n emirlerine ve yasaklar\u0131na uymak, her an O’nun r\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zetmek.
\nAzap:\u00a0G\u00fcnahlar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak Allah’\u0131n kuluna verece\u011fi ceza.G\u00fcnahlar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak Allah’\u0131n kuluna verece\u011fi ceza.
\nHayret:\u00a0Allah’\u0131n kudretinin ve yaratmas\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u015fa\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131k ve hayranl\u0131k duygusu.Allah’\u0131n kudretinin ve yaratmas\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u015fa\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131k ve hayranl\u0131k duygusu.
\nRiyazet:\u00a0Nefsi terbiye etmek i\u00e7in nefsin isteklerini s\u0131n\u0131rlamak ve zorluklara katlanmak.Nefsi terbiye etmek i\u00e7in nefsin isteklerini s\u0131n\u0131rlamak, zorluklara katlanmak.
\nA\u00e7l\u0131k:\u00a0Nefsi terbiye etmek i\u00e7in oru\u00e7 tutmak veya az yemek.Nefsi terbiye etmek i\u00e7in oru\u00e7 tutmak veya az yemek.
\nMahvolma:\u00a0G\u00fcnahlar\u0131n ve hatalar\u0131n insan\u0131 ahirette mahvedebilece\u011fi ger\u00e7e\u011finin bilincine varmak.G\u00fcnahlar\u0131n ve hatalar\u0131n insan\u0131 ahirette mahvedebilece\u011fi ger\u00e7e\u011finin bilincine varmak.
\nG\u00f6nl\u00fc Yaral\u0131 Olmak:\u00a0Allah’tan ayr\u0131 kalman\u0131n verdi\u011fi h\u00fcz\u00fcn ve \u00f6zlem duygusu.Allah’tan ayr\u0131 kalman\u0131n verdi\u011fi h\u00fcz\u00fcn ve \u00f6zlem duygusu.
\nHa\u015fret-i Rabbu’l-\u0130zzetlik:\u00a0Allah’\u0131n kudretinin ve y\u00fcceli\u011finin tecelli etti\u011fi ahiret g\u00fcn\u00fcne dair bilgelik ve marifet.Allah’\u0131n kudretinin ve y\u00fcceli\u011finin tecelli etti\u011fi ahiret g\u00fcn\u00fcne dair bilgelik ve marifet.<\/p>\n
Ha\u015fret-i Rabbu’l-\u0130zzetlik:<\/p>\n
Bu terim tasavvufta farkl\u0131 anlamlara gelebilir. En yayg\u0131n anlamlar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n
K\u0131yamet g\u00fcn\u00fc:\u00a0Allah’\u0131n kudretinin ve y\u00fcceli\u011finin tecelli edece\u011fi,\u00a0t\u00fcm insanlar\u0131n hesap verece\u011fi g\u00fcn.
\nAllah’\u0131n huzuruna varma:\u00a0Ariflerin ve velilerin Allah’\u0131n cemalini seyretme ve O’na yak\u0131n olma \u015ferefine eri\u015fmesi.
\nAllah’\u0131n zat\u0131n\u0131n bilinmesi:\u00a0Tasavvufun en y\u00fcksek makam\u0131 olan ve sadece se\u00e7kin velilerin ula\u015fabildi\u011fi bir marifet mertebesi.<\/p>\n
Ha\u015fret-i Rabbu’l-\u0130zzetlik hakk\u0131nda daha detayl\u0131 bilgi edinmek i\u00e7in tasavvuf kitaplar\u0131na ve makalelerine bakabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
Not: Bu anlamlar, tasavvufun farkl\u0131 ekollerine g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6sterebilir.<\/p>\n
Tasavvufta makamlar, ki\u015finin manevi yolculu\u011funda a\u015fmas\u0131 gereken mertebeler olarak kabul edilir.
\nHer makam\u0131n kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc \u00f6zellikleri ve zorluklar\u0131 vard\u0131r.
\nBu makamlar\u0131 a\u015fmak i\u00e7in ki\u015finin nefsini terbiye etmesi, Allah’a olan teslimiyetini art\u0131rmas\u0131 ve manevi olgunluk kazanmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
Ek Bilgiler:<\/p>\n
Tasavvufta makamlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 ve s\u0131ralamas\u0131 konusunda farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler mevcuttur.
\nMakamlar,\u00a0s\u00e2likin seyr\u00fcs\u00fcl\u00fck esnas\u0131nda ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ahlaki ve ruhi durumlara dair bir g\u00f6stergedir.
\nMakamlar, s\u00e2likin Allah’a olan yak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve O’nun r\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131 kazanmas\u0131n\u0131n bir g\u00f6stergesidir.<\/p>\n
Kaynaklar :<\/p>\n
(1) Tasavvufta D\u00f6rt Kap\u0131 \u00dc\u00e7 Makam | \u0130slam ve \u0130hsan. https:\/\/www.islamveihsan.com\/tasavvufta-dort-kapi-uc-makam.html.
\n(2) MAKAM – TDV \u0130sl\u00e2m Ansiklopedisi. https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/makam–tasavvuf.
\n(3) Makam Nedir? Tasavvufta Makam Kelimesi Hangi Anlamda … – Milliyet. https:\/\/bing.com\/search?q=tasavvuf+makamlar%c4%b1.
\n(4) Makam Nedir? Tasavvufta Makam Kelimesi Hangi Anlamda … – Milliyet. https:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/egitim\/sozluk\/makam-nedir-tasavvufta-makam-kelimesi-hangi-anlamda-kullanilir-6928490.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Giri\u015f: Tasavvuf, \u0130slam dininin manevi ve mistik boyutunu ke\u015ffetmeyi ama\u00e7layan bir disiplindir. Bu yolculukta, “makam” denilen manevi mertebeler \u00f6nemli bir rol oynar. Makamlar, s\u00e2likin (manevi yolcu) Allah’a yak\u0131nla\u015fma yolunda ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":628,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-627","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-konuk-yazar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mehmetozgurersan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/627","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mehmetozgurersan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mehmetozgurersan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mehmetozgurersan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mehmetozgurersan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=627"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/mehmetozgurersan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/627\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":629,"href":"https:\/\/mehmetozgurersan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/627\/revisions\/629"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mehmetozgurersan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/628"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mehmetozgurersan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=627"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mehmetozgurersan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=627"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mehmetozgurersan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=627"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}