Musa K\u00e2z\u0131m Karabekir (1882 – 26 Ocak 1948) [5] bir T\u00fcrk general ve politikac\u0131yd\u0131. Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonunda Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun Do\u011fu Ordusu’nun komutan\u0131yd\u0131 ve \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden \u00f6nce T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6revini y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc.<\/p>\n
Karabekir, 1882 y\u0131l\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nda \u0130stanbul’un Kuleli mahallesi Kocamustafapa\u015fa Mahallesi’nde Osmanl\u0131 generali Mehmet Emin Pa\u015fa’n\u0131n o\u011flu olarak d\u00fcnyaya geldi . Karabekir ailesi, miras\u0131n\u0131n izini, ailesinin Af\u015far kabilesine ait oldu\u011fu Orta Anadolu’daki [2] orta\u00e7a\u011f Karamano\u011fullar\u0131 beyli\u011fine kadar takip ediyordu . [5]<\/p>\n
1. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda bir\u00e7ok cephede b\u00fcy\u00fck ba\u015far\u0131lar g\u00f6steren ve \u0130stikl\u00e2l Harbi\u2019nde Do\u011fu Cephesi\u2019nde kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131\u00a0 \u201c\u015eark Fatihi\u201d ve \u201cErmenistan Fatihi\u201d unvanlar\u0131n\u0131 alan K\u00e2z\u0131m Karabekir, 1882 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130stanbul, Fatih (Zeyrek)\u2019te d\u00fcnyaya geldi. \u0130smini ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Karabekir ailesi, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Karaman iline ba\u011fl\u0131, daha \u00f6nce Gaferiyat ve Kasaba olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan, \u015fimdiki ad\u0131 K\u00e2z\u0131m Karabekir olan il\u00e7enin en eski bir Sel\u00e7uklu T\u00fcrk ailesidir.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Babas\u0131 Mehmed Emin Pa\u015fa, annesi Haciye Havva Han\u0131m\u2019d\u0131r. Emin Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n 1893\u2019te Mekke\u2019de \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra Havva Han\u0131m, \u0130stanbul\u2019a d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f ve be\u015f erkek \u00e7ocu\u011funa hem annelik ve hem babal\u0131k ederek onlar\u0131 en iyi \u015fekilde yeti\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f, 1917 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019da vefat etmi\u015ftir. Karabekir, babas\u0131 askerlik yaparken Osmanl\u0131’n\u0131n bir\u00e7ok yerini gezdi. Babas\u0131n\u0131n Mekke’de vefat etmesi \u00fczerine 1893 y\u0131l\u0131nda annesiyle birlikte \u0130stanbul’a d\u00f6nd\u00fc . Zeyrek Mahallesi’ne yerle\u015ftiler . Karabekir ertesi y\u0131l Fatih Askeri Ortaokulu’na yerle\u015ftirildi. Buradaki e\u011fitimini tamamlad\u0131ktan sonra Kuleli Askeri Lisesi’ne gitti ve 1899’da mezun oldu. 6 Aral\u0131k 1902’de s\u0131n\u0131f birincisi olarak bitirdi\u011fi Osmanl\u0131 Harp Okulu’nda e\u011fitimine devam etti.<\/p>\n
Be\u015f erkek karde\u015fin en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olan K\u00e2z\u0131m, (di\u011ferleri s\u0131ras\u0131yla Hamdi, Hilmi, \u015eevki ve Hulusi) 5 ya\u015f\u0131na gelince Zeyrek\u2019teki S\u0131byan Mektebi\u2019nde \u0130lkokula ba\u015flad\u0131 (1886 Eyl\u00fcl). 1894\u2019te \u0130stanbul\u2019da Fatih Askeri R\u00fc\u015fdiyesi\u2019ne girerek, askeri ki\u015fili\u011finin olu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n resm\u00ee ilk ad\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 atm\u0131\u015f oldu. K\u00e2z\u0131m Karabekir, s\u0131n\u0131f birincisi olarak okulu 1896 y\u0131l\u0131nda bitirdi. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l girdi\u011fi Kuleli Askeri \u0130dadisi\u2019nden1899 y\u0131l\u0131nda birincilikle mezun oldu.<\/p>\n
1900 y\u0131l\u0131nda Pangalt\u0131 Harbiye Mektebi\u2019ne girdi. Harp Okulu\u2019ndan 6 Aral\u0131k 1902\u2019de \u201cPiyade Te\u011fmeni\u201d r\u00fctbesiyle yine s\u0131n\u0131f birincisi olarak mezun olunca \u201cKurmay S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131\u201dna ayr\u0131ld\u0131. Harp Okulu\u2019nu ba\u015far\u0131 ile bitirdikten sonra, Erk\u00e2n-\u0131 Harbiye Mektebi\u2019ne (Harp Akademisi\u2019ne) devam etti.\u00a0 1903 y\u0131l\u0131ndan 1905 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar bu okulda e\u011fitim-\u00f6\u011fretimini tamamlayan Karabekir, bu okuldan da birincilikle mezun oldu. 5 Kas\u0131m 1905\u2019te 58. D\u00f6nem Harp Akademisi\u2019ni birincilikle bitirip Kurmay Y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131\u2019s\u0131 olunca, \u00fcst\u00fcn ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden \u201cAltun Maarif Madalyas\u0131\u201d ile \u00f6d\u00fcllendirildi.<\/p>\n
Askeri<\/p>\n
K\u00e2z\u0131m Karabekir, Osmanl\u0131 XV. Kolordu komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na atand\u0131 ve 19 Nisan 1919’da Trabzon’a \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.
\nAstsubay olarak, iki ay sonra Ocak 1906’da Kuzey Makedonya’n\u0131n Bitola civar\u0131ndaki \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Ordu’da g\u00f6revlendirildi . Orada Yunan ve Bulgar komitac\u0131larla kavgalara kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131 . Nisan 1906’da, s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilirken bile Bulgar milliyet\u00e7i slogan\u0131 atan Bulgar isyanc\u0131lar\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edildi\u011fini g\u00f6rd\u00fc. [6] \u00dcmmetinin bu ruhu g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi g\u00fcn, milletinin kurtulaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc. [6] Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 H\u00fcrriyet Komitesi’nin (1907’de \u0130ttihat ve Terakki ad\u0131n\u0131 alacak olan) 11. \u00fcyesi oldu. Ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 hizmetinden dolay\u0131 1907’de y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 r\u00fctbesine y\u00fckseltildi . Daha sonraki y\u0131llarda Konstantinopolis’te ve yine Edirne’de \u0130kinci Ordu’da g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131<\/p>\n
K\u00e2z\u0131m, 15 Nisan 1911’de soyad\u0131n\u0131n Zeyrek’ten Karabekir’e de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in ba\u015fvuruda bulundu. [7] O zamana kadar Osmanl\u0131’da aile isimleri kullan\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in kendisine annesiyle birlikte ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerden dolay\u0131 K\u00e2z\u0131m Zeyrek deniyordu. O andan itibaren atalar\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131 olan Karabekir ad\u0131n\u0131 benimsedi.<\/p>\n
Balkan<\/strong><\/p>\n Karabekir, Edirne’deki g\u00f6revi s\u0131ras\u0131nda 27 Nisan 1912’de binba\u015f\u0131 r\u00fctbesine y\u00fckseltildi. Bulgar kuvvetlerine kar\u015f\u0131 Birinci Balkan Sava\u015f\u0131’na kat\u0131ld\u0131 ancak 22 Nisan 1913’te Edirne-Kale Muharebesi’nde esir d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. 21 Ekim 1913’teki ate\u015fkese kadar sava\u015f devam etti .<\/p>\n D\u00fcnya<\/strong><\/p>\n Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmadan \u00f6nce Karabekir, Konstantinopolis’te g\u00f6rev yapm\u0131\u015f , daha sonra Avusturya-Macaristan , Almanya, Fransa ve \u0130svi\u00e7re gibi baz\u0131 Avrupa \u00fclkelerine g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir . Temmuz 1914’te bir d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n muhtemel olmas\u0131 nedeniyle evine d\u00f6nd\u00fc.<\/p>\n Konstantinopolis’te Karabekir, Genelkurmay’\u0131n istihbarat \u015fefi olarak atand\u0131 . K\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra yarbayl\u0131\u011fa terfi etti . G\u00fcneydo\u011fu cephesinde k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre kald\u0131ktan sonra \u00c7anakkale Bo\u011faz\u0131’na g\u00f6nderildi . Karabekir, 14. T\u00fcmen komutan\u0131 olarak 1915 yaz\u0131nda \u00c7anakkale Sava\u015f\u0131’na kat\u0131ld\u0131. Ekim 1915’te \u0130stanbul’daki Birinci Ordu’ya kurmay subay olarak atand\u0131.<\/p>\n Alt\u0131nc\u0131 Ordu’ya kat\u0131lmak \u00fczere Irak cephesine g\u00f6revlendirildi . Gelibolu’daki ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 Aral\u0131k 1915’te hem Osmanl\u0131 hem de Alman komutanl\u0131klar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ni\u015fanla \u00f6d\u00fcllendirildi ve ayn\u0131 zamanda albayl\u0131\u011fa y\u00fckseltildi . Nisan 1916’da Irak’ta Kut-\u00fcl Amare Ku\u015fatmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda General Charles Townshend komutas\u0131ndaki \u0130ngiliz kuvvetlerine kar\u015f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir zafer kazanan 18. Kolordu’nun komutas\u0131n\u0131 devrald\u0131 .<\/p>\n Kafkas cephesinde 2. Kolordu komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na getirilen Karabekir, yakla\u015f\u0131k on ay boyunca Rus ve Ermeni kuvvetlerine kar\u015f\u0131 amans\u0131z bir m\u00fccadele verdi . Eyl\u00fcl 1917’de padi\u015fah ferman\u0131yla tu\u011fgeneralli\u011fe terfi ettirildi.May\u0131s 1918’de Erzurum’da 15. Kolordu komutan\u0131 oldu ve Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’ndaki yenilgisini kavramaya ba\u015flad\u0131k\u00e7a kuvvetlerini Ermenilere kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015fa haz\u0131rlamaya ba\u015flad\u0131. [8]<\/p>\n Kurtulu\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\n Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda K\u00e2z\u0131m Karabekir<\/strong><\/p>\n Do\u011fu Cephesi (T\u00fcrkiye) ve T\u00fcrk-Ermeni Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n Osmanl\u0131 Padi\u015fah\u0131 VI.Mehmed , Sevr Antla\u015fmas\u0131’na uygun olarak Karabekir’e \u0130tilaf Devletleri’ne teslim olma emrini verdi ancak Karabekir buna uymay\u0131 reddetti. \u0130ngilizlerin Do\u011fu Anadolu’daki Osmanl\u0131 ordusunu terhis etme emirlerinin aksine, T\u00fcrk k\u0131rsal halk\u0131na silah sa\u011flad\u0131. B\u00f6lgede kald\u0131 ve Erzurum Kongresi arifesinde, Mustafa Kemal (Atat\u00fcrk) Erzurum’a yeni geldi\u011finde , kendisini ve kongre \u00fcyelerini korumak i\u00e7in komutas\u0131ndaki bir s\u00fcvari tugay\u0131yla \u015fehri g\u00fcvenlik alt\u0131na ald\u0131. Mustafa Kemal’le birlikte T\u00fcrk milli hareketine kat\u0131lma s\u00f6z\u00fc verdi ve ard\u0131ndan T\u00fcrk Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Kuva-yi Milliye ile Do\u011fu Cephesi’nin komutas\u0131n\u0131 devrald\u0131 .<\/p>\n Eyl\u00fcl 1920’nin ba\u015flar\u0131nda Karabekir, Ermenistan Cumhuriyeti’ne kar\u015f\u0131 ilk askeri operasyona ba\u015flad\u0131 . Oltu b\u00f6lgesinde k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7apl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar ya\u015fand\u0131 , ancak T\u00fcrk taarruzu \u0130tilaf Devletleri’nden neredeyse hi\u00e7bir tepki almay\u0131nca Karabekir taarruza devam etti. 28 Eyl\u00fcl’de, stratejik Sar\u0131kam\u0131\u015f kalesini ele ge\u00e7irmek amac\u0131yla XV. Kolordu’nun d\u00f6rt t\u00fcmenini Ermenistan s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na g\u00f6nderdi . [9]<\/p>\n Ertesi g\u00fcn Sar\u0131kam\u0131\u015f al\u0131nd\u0131 \u200b\u200bve T\u00fcrklerin geri kalan ilerlemesi kontrols\u00fcz bir \u015fekilde devam etti. Ekim ay\u0131 boyunca Ermeni direni\u015fi giderek \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fc ve T\u00fcrk ordular\u0131 30 Ekim’de Kars’\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irdi ve 6 Kas\u0131m’da o d\u00f6nemde Ermenistan’\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehri olan Dedea\u011fa\u00e7’\u0131 i\u015fgal etti. 18 Kas\u0131m’da ate\u015fkes sa\u011fland\u0131 ve Karabekir ile Aleksandropol’de Alexander Khatisian ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki bir bar\u0131\u015f heyeti aras\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler yap\u0131ld\u0131 . Karabekir’in \u015fartlar\u0131 son derece sert olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, Ermeni heyetinin bunlar\u0131 kabul etmekten ba\u015fka \u00e7aresi yoktu. Karabekir , 3 Aral\u0131k 1920’de imzalanan bar\u0131\u015f anla\u015fmas\u0131 olan Aleksandropol Antla\u015fmas\u0131’na imza att\u0131. [11]<\/p>\n Antla\u015fma teknik olarak ge\u00e7ersiz olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, Khatisian’\u0131n heyetinin temsil etti\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcmetin \u00f6nceki g\u00fcn sona ermesi nedeniyle T\u00fcrkiye’nin toprak kazan\u0131mlar\u0131 sa\u011fland\u0131. Antla\u015fmada \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi, 1921 Kars Antla\u015fmas\u0131’nda da teyit edilmi\u015ftir. [12] [13] [14] [15]<\/p>\n G\u00fcrb\u00fcz \u00c7ocuklar\u0131n Ordusu, 1919.<\/strong><\/p>\n 1924 y\u0131l\u0131nda Hakkari’yi geri almakla g\u00f6revlendirildi . Ankara’da yeni kurulan B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi taraf\u0131ndan 23 Ekim 1921’de Sovyetler Birli\u011fi ile Kars Dostluk Antla\u015fmas\u0131’n\u0131 imzalamak \u00fczere g\u00f6revlendirildi. Daha sonra Hakkari’yi S\u00fcryani g\u00fc\u00e7lerinden ald\u0131.<\/p>\n Siyasi<\/strong><\/p>\n K\u00e2z\u0131m Karabekir TBMM Ba\u015fkan\u0131 oldu<\/strong><\/p>\n Yunan kuvvetlerinin Bat\u0131 Anadolu’da yenilgiye u\u011frat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti ilan edildi. K\u00e2z\u0131m Karabekir Pa\u015fa, Ekim 1922’de Ankara’ya ta\u015f\u0131narak Edirne Mebusu olarak mecliste g\u00f6revine devam etti. 29 Haziran 1923’te Konstantinopolis milletvekili se\u00e7ildi\u011finde halen Do\u011fu Ordusu komutan vekili olarak g\u00f6rev yap\u0131yordu. Alt\u0131 ay sonra Birinci Ordu M\u00fcfetti\u015fli\u011fine atand\u0131. Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda askerlik ve siyasette g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi \u00fcst\u00fcn ve \u00fcst\u00fcn hizmetlerden dolay\u0131 TBMM taraf\u0131ndan en y\u00fcksek T\u00fcrk \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc olan “\u0130stiklal Ni\u015fan\u0131”na lay\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc . Ekim 1924’te askerlikten emekli olup siyasete at\u0131ld\u0131. [16]<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmekte oldu\u011fu yenilikleri ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilmek i\u00e7in belli bir siyasi programa ba\u011fl\u0131, t\u00fcz\u00fck ve disiplin esaslar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131, \u00f6zde\u015f say\u0131labilecek bir siyasi kadro olarak 9 Eyl\u00fcl 1923 tarihinde Halk F\u0131rkas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 (HF) kurmu\u015ftur. Dokuz umde beyannamesi ile de Halk F\u0131rkas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n program\u0131 belirlenmi\u015ftir. Halk F\u0131rkas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ad\u0131, 10 Kas\u0131m 1924\u2019te Cumhuriyet Halk F\u0131rkas\u0131 (CHF) olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Yeni partinin kurulu\u015fuyla ilgili tart\u0131\u015fmalar devam ederken TBMM\u2019de M\u00fcbadele ve \u0130sk\u00e2n Bakan\u0131 hakk\u0131nda gensoru g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu gensoruya ret oyu veren 11 milletvekili HF\u2019den istifa etmi\u015ftir. Bu istifalar \u00fczerine HF acilen toplanm\u0131\u015f ve istifalar\u0131 samimi bulmayarak, ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n iktidar kavgas\u0131 oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu istifalar\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Karabekir ve Cebesoy ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere 13 milletvekili daha istifalar\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015ftir. CHF\u2019den ayr\u0131lan muhalif milletvekilleri Terakkiperver Cumhuriyet F\u0131rkas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n (TCF) kurulu\u015f dilek\u00e7esini 17 Kas\u0131m 1924 \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na verdi. B\u00f6ylelikle Cumhuriyet d\u00f6neminin ilk muhalefet partisi kurulmu\u015f oldu. K\u00e2z\u0131m Karabekir, Genel Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa 7 Aral\u0131k 1924\u2019te oybirli\u011fi ile getirildi. \u0130kinci Ba\u015fkan Rauf Bey, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Ba\u015fkan Adnan Bey oldu.<\/p>\n Karabekir’in , en \u00f6nemlilerinden biri hilafetin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 olan Atat\u00fcrk \u0130nk\u0131laplar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi konusunda Mustafa Kemal’le g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ayr\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 vard\u0131 . Her ne kadar bu konuda Mustafa Kemal’le ayn\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fte olsa da acilen harekete ge\u00e7ilmesi konusunda onunla ayn\u0131 fikirde de\u011fildi. Karabekir i\u00e7in zamanlama uygunsuzdu \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u0130ngiliz g\u00fc\u00e7leri T\u00fcrkiye’nin g\u00fcneydo\u011fu s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda durmu\u015f ve \u015fu anda Irak’ta bulunan Kerk\u00fck’\u00fc ele ge\u00e7irmi\u015fti .<\/p>\n Karabekir, bu sorun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmeden hilafetin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine inanm\u0131yordu. \u015eafi S\u00fcnni inan\u00e7lar\u0131 daha radikal olan K\u00fcrtler , h\u00fck\u00fcmetin hilafeti kald\u0131rd\u0131ktan sonra dini de kald\u0131raca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fckleri i\u00e7in h\u00fck\u00fcmete kar\u015f\u0131 ayaklanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. \u0130syanla m\u00fccadele eden T\u00fcrkiye, Kerk\u00fck’\u00fc \u0130ngiliz mandas\u0131ndaki Irak’a b\u0131rakmay\u0131 kabul etti. Bu t\u00fcr \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar Karabekir ile Mustafa Kemal aras\u0131nda gerginli\u011fe yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n 17 Kas\u0131m 1924’te Karabekir ve Ali Fuat Cebesoy’un \u00e7evresindeki baz\u0131 politikac\u0131lar , bir\u00e7ok \u00f6nde gelen mevcut ve eski askeri komutan\u0131n \u00fcye oldu\u011fu Terakkiperver Cumhuriyet F\u0131rkas\u0131’n\u0131 [17] kurdu . [18] Daha sonra partinin son \u00fcyeleri \u015eeyh Sait isyan\u0131 ve \u0130zmir’de Mustafa Kemal’e yap\u0131lan suikast giri\u015fiminden sorumlu tutuldu . Parti, 5 Haziran 1925’te h\u00fck\u00fcmet taraf\u0131ndan kapat\u0131ld\u0131 ve Karabekir, bir\u00e7ok partiliyle birlikte \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri’nde hapsedildi, ancak daha sonra beraat ederek serbest b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131. [19] Bu geli\u015fmelerin ard\u0131ndan Karabekir ile Mustafa Kemal’in b\u00fct\u00fcn ili\u015fkileri koptu.<\/p>\n Ge\u00e7ici bir s\u00fcre siyasetten emekli olan Karabekir, kendisini Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131 ve Atat\u00fcrk \u0130nk\u0131l\u00e2plar\u0131 ile ilgili an\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 yazmaya adad\u0131. Kemal Atat\u00fcrk 1938’de \u00f6ld\u00fckten sonra Karabekir’in yak\u0131n arkada\u015f\u0131 \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc onu raz\u0131 etti.1939’da K\u00e2z\u0131m Karabekir siyasete d\u00f6nd\u00fc ve \u0130stanbul’dan milletvekili olarak yeniden meclise girdi.<\/p>\n \u0130stanbul Milletvekili Karabekir 22 May\u0131s 1939\u2019da, 1939 y\u0131l\u0131 Genel B\u00fct\u00e7esi hakk\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmas\u0131nda, h\u00fck\u00fcmetin izledi\u011fi denk b\u00fct\u00e7e politikas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6vm\u00fc\u015f, ancak dolays\u0131z vergilerin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve al\u0131nan vergilerin daha etkin olarak vatanda\u015fa hizmet i\u00e7in harcanmas\u0131n\u0131 istemi\u015ftir. Karabekir konu\u015fmas\u0131nda, tasarruf konusuna de\u011findikten sonra ayr\u0131ca devlet fabrikalar\u0131n\u0131n l\u00fcks mallar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda halk\u0131n ihtiyac\u0131 olan mallar\u0131 \u00fcretmeye y\u00f6nelmesi, orduda kurmay s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n Anadolu\u2019dan gelen erlerle, okumu\u015f-ayd\u0131n kesimin de halkla kayna\u015fmas\u0131, kalk\u0131nman\u0131n k\u00f6ylerden ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131 ve k\u00f6y insan\u0131n\u0131n uygulamal\u0131 olarak e\u011fitilmesi, gen\u00e7li\u011fin ahl\u00e2k sorununa el at\u0131lmas\u0131, ailenin kalk\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve aileye \u00f6nem verilmesi, yabanc\u0131 uzmanlara \u00e7ok para ve sorumluluk verilmemesi, bakanl\u0131klar aras\u0131nda daha s\u0131k\u0131 i\u015fbirli\u011fi yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ve kamu kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n kontrol\u00fc ve \u00f6nemi gibi konulara da temas etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Karabekir, 18 Ocak 1940\u2019ta Milli Korunma Kanunu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri yap\u0131l\u0131rken de s\u00f6z alarak, sava\u015fta yaln\u0131z cephenin de\u011fil cephe gerisinin, \u00f6zellikle de k\u00f6yl\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fcretiminin de d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmesi gerekti\u011fine de\u011finmi\u015ftir. 17 Nisan 1940 tarihinde kabul edilen K\u00f6y Enstit\u00fcleri Kanunu hakk\u0131nda s\u00f6z alarak, konuyla ilgili d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini ortaya koyan Karabekir, kanunun lehinde konu\u015fmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n 28 \u015eubat 1943\u2019te milletvekili se\u00e7imleri yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve TBMM VII. D\u00f6nemi\u2019ne ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. K\u00e2z\u0131m Karabekir bu se\u00e7imde de CHP\u2019den \u0130stanbul Milletvekili se\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir. 24 May\u0131s\u2019ta 1943 y\u0131l\u0131 M\u00e2l\u00ee Y\u0131l\u0131 B\u00fct\u00e7e Tasar\u0131s\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri yap\u0131l\u0131rken s\u00f6z alan Karabekir, \u00fclkenin i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu durum ve sava\u015f sonras\u0131ndaki muhtemel geli\u015fmeler hakk\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini ortaya koyma f\u0131rsat\u0131 yakalam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 26 May\u0131s 1943\u2019te TBMM\u2019de Milli E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00e7esi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcrken s\u00f6z alan Karabekir, \u00fcniversitelerin Anadolu\u2019da, halk\u0131n i\u00e7inde kurulmas\u0131 ve ayd\u0131n kesimin halk\u0131n i\u00e7inde bulunmas\u0131 gere\u011finden bahsetmi\u015ftir. 20 Aral\u0131k 1945\u2019te TBMM\u2019de D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00e7e g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri yap\u0131l\u0131rken s\u00f6z alan Karabekir, SSCB ile ili\u015fkilerin gerginle\u015fti\u011fi bir ortamda I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 ve \u0130stikl\u00e2l Harbi\u2019nde Do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019da meydana gelen olaylar\u0131, yap\u0131lan antla\u015fmalar\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye ile SSCB ili\u015fkilerini iki \u00fclkenin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan de\u011ferlendirmi\u015ftir. Bu d\u00f6nemde SSCB\u2019nin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den toprak talebi ve Bo\u011fazlarda baz\u0131 haklar istemesi hususu T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin en \u00e7ok \u00fczerinde durdu\u011fu bir konu idi. \u0130stikl\u00e2l Harbi\u2019nde Do\u011fu Cephesi\u2019nde Bol\u015fevik Ruslarla yak\u0131n temasta olan ve bir\u00e7ok yeri Ermenilerden geri alan Karabekir, TBMM\u2019de yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu \u00f6nemli konu\u015fmada \u015fu ifadeleri kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: \u201cBo\u011fazlar; hakikaten milletimizin bo\u011faz\u0131d\u0131r. Oraya el sald\u0131rtmay\u0131z. Fakat \u015funu da bilmelidir ki; Kars yaylas\u0131 mill\u00ee bel kemi\u011fimizdir. K\u0131rd\u0131r\u0131rsak yine mahvoluruz\u201d.<\/p>\n 5 A\u011fustos 1946’da Meclis Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’na se\u00e7ildi. 26 Ocak 1948’de Ankara’da ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi kalp krizi sonucu 66 ya\u015f\u0131nda vefat etti. Cenazesi daha sonra Ankara’daki T\u00fcrk Devlet Mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131’na nakledildi .<\/p>\n TBMM Ba\u015fkan\u0131 K\u00e2z\u0131m Karabekir, 26 Ocak 1948 Pazartesi g\u00fcn\u00fc Ankara-Kocatepe\u2019deki evinde ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi kalp krizi sonucunda vefat etmi\u015ftir. 7 Temmuz 1924\u2019te \u0130zmir\u2019de \u0130cl\u00e2l Han\u0131m ile evlenen Karabekir\u2019in \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde \u00fc\u00e7 tane k\u0131z \u00e7ocu\u011fu vard\u0131. K\u00e2z\u0131m Karabekir\u2019in cenazesi Ankara\u2019da 28 Ocak 1948 g\u00fcn\u00fc Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc, Ba\u015fbakan Hasan Saka ve \u00fcst d\u00fczey asker\u00ee ve m\u00fclk\u00ee erk\u00e2n\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla resm\u00ee t\u00f6renle defnedilmi\u015ftir. Yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 vasiyete uyularak tabutu Ermenilerden al\u0131n\u0131\u015f\u0131 esnas\u0131nda Kars Kalesi\u2019ne \u00e7ekilmi\u015f olan T\u00fcrk Bayra\u011f\u0131\u2019na sar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Cenaze namaz\u0131 Hac\u0131bayram Camii\u2019nde Diyanet \u0130\u015fleri Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Ahmet Hamdi Akseki taraf\u0131ndan k\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ard\u0131ndan Karabekir\u2019in naa\u015f\u0131 Ankara\u2019da Cebeci Asker\u00ee \u015eehitli\u011fi\u2019ne defnedilmi\u015ftir. K\u00e2z\u0131m Karabekir\u2019in naa\u015f\u0131, burada e\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan yapt\u0131r\u0131lan Makammezar\u2019da 40 y\u0131l kald\u0131ktan sonra 30 A\u011fustos 1988\u2019de Atat\u00fcrk Orman \u00c7iftli\u011fi\u2019ndeki Devlet Mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na nakledilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n K\u00e2z\u0131m Karabekir’in e\u015fi \u0130clal ve \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131z\u0131 Hayat, Emel ve Timsal hayatta kald\u0131. \u0130stanbul’un Kad\u0131k\u00f6y il\u00e7esinin Erenk\u00f6y Mahallesi’nde yakla\u015f\u0131k 15 y\u0131l ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6rt katl\u0131 konak , 2005 y\u0131l\u0131nda m\u00fczeye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n Ki\u015fisel g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler<\/strong><\/p>\n K\u00e2z\u0131m Karabekir ve arkada\u015flar\u0131 ile Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa ve yeni \u00e7evresi aras\u0131nda asl\u0131nda baz\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel, ideolojik ve siyasi farkl\u0131l\u0131klar s\u00f6z konusudur. Karabekir, modernle\u015fme ve yenile\u015fme hareketlerini hedeflemekle birlikte liberal \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere (bas\u0131n h\u00fcrriyeti, \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, \u00e7ok seslilik, hukuksall\u0131k, m\u00fc\u015favere ile karar al\u0131nmas\u0131 vb.)\u00a0 taraftar ve yenile\u015fme hareketlerinde halk\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 arzulamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Halifelik<\/strong><\/p>\n Rauf Orbay, cumhuriyetin ilan\u0131n\u0131n aceleye getirildi\u011fini, en do\u011fru y\u00f6netim \u015feklinin halifenin ba\u015fkanl\u0131k edece\u011fi y\u00f6netim olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etti. Ali Fuat Cebesoy da bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe kat\u0131l\u0131rken , K\u00e2z\u0131m Karabekir onlara kendisinin cumhuriyet yanl\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011funu, ki\u015fisel saltanata kar\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011funu anlatt\u0131 . [20]<\/p>\n B\u00fct\u00fcn T\u00fcrklerin amac\u0131 T\u00fcrk s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131yla birle\u015fmektir. Tarih bug\u00fcn bize son f\u0131rsat\u0131 sunuyor. M\u00fcsl\u00fcman d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n sonsuza kadar par\u00e7alanmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in Karaba\u011f’a y\u00f6nelik harek\u00e2t\u0131n hafifletilmesine izin verilmemesi gerekiyor. Hatta kampanyan\u0131n daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kararl\u0131l\u0131k ve ciddiyetle s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi gerekti\u011fini Azeri \u00e7evrelerinde vurgulay\u0131n . [21]<\/p>\n \u2014\u200a Musa K\u00e2z\u0131m Karabekir<\/strong><\/p>\n Kaynak\u00e7a:<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Referanslar:<\/p>\n Wikimedia Commons’ta K\u00e2z\u0131m Karabekir ile ilgili medyalar bulunur . Musa K\u00e2z\u0131m Karabekir (1882 – 26 Ocak 1948) [5] bir T\u00fcrk general ve politikac\u0131yd\u0131. Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonunda Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun Do\u011fu Ordusu’nun komutan\u0131yd\u0131 ve \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden \u00f6nce T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":676,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-675","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-makale"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mehmetozgurersan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/675","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mehmetozgurersan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mehmetozgurersan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mehmetozgurersan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mehmetozgurersan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=675"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/mehmetozgurersan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/675\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":682,"href":"https:\/\/mehmetozgurersan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/675\/revisions\/682"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mehmetozgurersan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/676"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mehmetozgurersan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=675"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mehmetozgurersan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=675"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mehmetozgurersan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=675"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}\n
\nElaine Diana Smith, T\u00fcrkiye: Kemalist hareketin k\u00f6kenleri ve B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, 1919\u20131923 , Amerikan \u00dcniversitesi, 26 Ocak 1959, s. 171.
\nStanford Jay Shaw,Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu: Sava\u015f\u0131n Ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131, T\u00fcrk Tarih Kurumu, 2006,ISBN978-975-16-1881-8, s. 119.
\nThe Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica , Cilt 7, D\u00fczenleyen: Hugh Chisholm, (1911), 3; T\u00fcrk \u0130mparatorlu\u011funun ba\u015fkenti Konstantinopolis…
\nBritannica, \u0130stanbul : 1923’te T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti kuruldu\u011funda ba\u015fkent Ankara’ya ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131 ve 1930’da Konstantinopolis’in ad\u0131 resmi olarak \u0130stanbul olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirildi.
\nCevdet K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck (1988\u20132016).”K\u00c2ZIM KARABEK\u0130R (1882-1948) T\u00fcrk kumandan\u0131 ve devlet adam\u0131.”. TDV \u0130slam Ansiklopedisi (44+2 cilt)(T\u00fcrk\u00e7e). \u0130stanbul:T\u00fcrkiye Diyanet Vakf\u0131, \u0130slami Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar Merkezi.
\nZ\u00fcrcher, Erik Jan (2014).”Anadolu’daki Makedonlar: 1914 Sonras\u0131 \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n Anadolu’daki Politikalar\u0131 A\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Makedon K\u00f6klerinin \u00d6nemi”.Ortado\u011fu \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131.50(6): 961.doi:10.1080\/00263206.2014.933422.ISSN0026-3206.JSTOR24585700._S2CID144491725\u2013JSTOR.
\nM. Fahrettin K\u0131rz\u0131o\u011flu , B\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle Erzurum Kongresi , 1993, s. 12.
\nJ\u00e4schke, Gotthard (1957).”Beitr\u00e4ge zur Geschichte des Kampfes der T\u00fcrkei um ihre Unabh\u00e4ngigkeit”.Die Welt des Islams.5(1\/2): 25\u201326.doi:10.2307\/1570253.ISSN0043-2539.JSTOR1570253\u2013JSTOR.
\nHovannisian, Richard G. (1996). Ermenistan Cumhuriyeti, Cilt. IV: Hilal ile Orak Aras\u0131nda, B\u00f6l\u00fcnme ve Sovyetle\u015fme . Berkeley: Kaliforniya \u00dcniversitesi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131. s. 184\u2013195 . ISBN 0-520-08804-2.
\nHovannisyan. Ermenistan Cumhuriyeti, Cilt. IV , s. 237\u2013282.
\nHovannisyan. Ermenistan Cumhuriyeti, Cilt. IV , s. 394\u2013396.
\nHovannisian, Richard (2005), Ermeniler: Ulusal Kimli\u011fin Olu\u015fumunda Ge\u00e7mi\u015f ve Bug\u00fcn , New York: Routledge , s. 110, ISBN’i 0-203-00493-0
\nNichanian, Mika\u00ebl [Frans\u0131zca] (2015). D\u00e9truire les Arm\u00e9niens. Histoire d’un g\u00e9nocide [ Ermenileri Yok Etmek: Bir Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n Tarihi ] (Frans\u0131zca). Preses Universitaires de France . P. 238.ISBN _ 978-2-13-062617-6.
\nAk\u00e7am, Taner (2007). Utan\u00e7 verici Bir Eylem: Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 ve T\u00fcrkiye’nin Sorumlulu\u011fu Sorunu . s.327 . _- Google Kitaplar’daki Profil
\nDadrian, Vahakn N. (2003). Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 Tarihi: Balkanlardan Anadolu’ya ve Kafkasya’ya Etnik \u00c7at\u0131\u015fma . New York: Berghahn Books, s. 360\u2013361 . ISBN1-57181-666-6 . _
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\nKarpat, Kemal H. (2015-12-08).T\u00fcrkiye Siyaseti: \u00c7ok Partili Sisteme Ge\u00e7i\u015f. Princeton \u00dcniversitesi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131. s. 47\u201348.ISBN 978-1-4008-7942-7.
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\nKarabekir, \u0130stikl\u00e2l Harbimiz\/n.2\/, s. 631<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"