{"id":688,"date":"2024-02-21T12:53:04","date_gmt":"2024-02-21T12:53:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mehmetozgurersan.com\/?p=688"},"modified":"2024-02-21T13:03:22","modified_gmt":"2024-02-21T13:03:22","slug":"cin-abdallari-aynu-halki","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mehmetozgurersan.com\/?p=688","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7in Abdallar\u0131 : \u00c4ynu Halk\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

 <\/p>\n

Aynu
\n\u0626\u06d5\u064a\u0646\u06c7
\nToplam n\u00fcfus
\n30.000\u201350.000
\n\u00d6nemli n\u00fcfusa sahip b\u00f6lgeler
\nSincan , \u00c7in
\nDiller
\n\u00c4ynu , Uygur ve Standart \u00c7ince
\nDin
\n\u00c7o\u011funluk: Alevi
\nAz\u0131nl\u0131k: S\u00fcnni \u0130slam<\/p>\n

\u00c4ynu (ayr\u0131ca Ainu , Abdal veya Aini ), yasal olarak Uygurlar olarak say\u0131lan , tan\u0131nmayan bir etnik grup olan \u00c7in’in Sincan b\u00f6lgesine \u00f6zg\u00fc bir T\u00fcrk halk\u0131d\u0131r . Aynu dilini konu\u015fuyorlar ve \u00e7o\u011funlukla Alevili\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131lar . [1] [2] [3] Yakla\u015f\u0131k 30.000 ila 50.000 \u00c4ynu halk\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahmin edilmektedir ve bunlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu Taklamakan \u00c7\u00f6l\u00fc’n\u00fcn kenar\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r . [4] [5]<\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7mi\u015f<\/p>\n

\u00c4ynu halk\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6kenleri tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r. Baz\u0131 tarih\u00e7iler, \u00c4ynu’nun atalar\u0131n\u0131n, birka\u00e7 y\u00fcz y\u0131l veya daha \u00f6nce \u0130ran’dan gelen, \u0130ran ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7ebe bir halk oldu\u011funu teorile\u015ftirirken, [6] di\u011ferleri , \u00c4ynu dilinin Fars\u00e7a kelime da\u011farc\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n , \u0130ran dillerinin bir zamanlar \u0130ran dilleri olmas\u0131n\u0131n bir sonucu oldu\u011fu sonucuna var\u0131yor. b\u00f6lgenin ba\u015fl\u0131ca ticari dilleri veya \u0130ranl\u0131 t\u00fcccarlar\u0131n yerel kad\u0131nlarla evlenmesi. [7]<\/p>\n

\u00c4ynular bir noktada Uygurlarla birlikte \u0130slam’a ge\u00e7ti. B\u00f6lgedeki Uygurlar ve di\u011fer T\u00fcrk halklar\u0131yla ya\u015fanan gerilim, onlar\u0131n Taklamakan \u00c7\u00f6l\u00fc yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki Tar\u0131m Havzas\u0131’n\u0131n daha az verimli b\u00f6lgesine itilmesiyle sonu\u00e7land\u0131 . [5]<\/p>\n

\u00c4ynu, 1864 civar\u0131nda Yakub Beg’in Qing y\u00f6netimine kar\u015f\u0131 isyan\u0131na kat\u0131ld\u0131. 1930’larda \u00c4ynular Kumul isyan\u0131na kat\u0131ld\u0131 . 1949’da Kom\u00fcnist devletin kurulmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan baz\u0131 etnik gruplar devlet taraf\u0131ndan tan\u0131nd\u0131 ve daha fazla k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe izin verildi. Aynular ayr\u0131 bir etnik grup olarak tan\u0131nmak i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurdu ancak reddedildi ve devlet onlar\u0131 Uygur olarak saymay\u0131 tercih etti. [5]<\/p>\n

Dil<\/p>\n

\u00c4ynu halk\u0131n\u0131n ana dili, Fars\u00e7a’n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc etkisine sahip bir T\u00fcrk dili olan \u00c4ynu’dur . [4] \u00c4ynu genellikle sadece evde konu\u015fulurken, Uygurca halk aras\u0131nda \u00c4ynu erkekleri ve kad\u0131nlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan konu\u015fulur.<\/p>\n

K\u00fclt\u00fcr<\/p>\n

\u00c4ynu halk\u0131 \u015fehirlerde \u00e7o\u011funlukla tar\u0131m, hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k veya in\u015faat sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Birka\u00e7\u0131 da bal\u0131k tutar veya avlan\u0131r. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fte baz\u0131lar\u0131 seyyar sat\u0131c\u0131, s\u00fcnnet\u00e7i veya dilenciydi. [4] [5]<\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k<\/p>\n

\u00c4ynu’yu a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131 anlam ta\u015f\u0131yan bir isim olan Abdal olarak tan\u0131mlayan kom\u015fular\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00c4ynu’ya kar\u015f\u0131 bir ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k gelene\u011fi vard\u0131r. [4] Kom\u015fular\u0131 olan Uygur halk\u0131yla evlilikler nadirdir. [8] \u00c7in h\u00fck\u00fcmeti \u00c4ynu halk\u0131n\u0131 Uygur olarak say\u0131yor. [8]<\/p>\n

Din<\/p>\n

\u00c4ynu halk\u0131n\u0131n bask\u0131n dini , \u015eii \u0130slam ile \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirilen bir gelenek olan Aleviliktir , [1] [3] [2], ancak birka\u00e7\u0131 S\u00fcnni \u0130slam’\u0131 kabul etmektedir . [5]<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00c4ynu dili<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00c4ynu Fars-Arap Uygur alfabesiyle yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r .<\/p>\n

Yerli \u00c7in
\nB\u00f6lge Sincan
\nEtnik k\u00f6ken Aynu
\nAna dili konu\u015fanlar 12.000 (2017) [1]
\nDil ailesi
\nT\u00fcrk
\nOrtak T\u00fcrk\u00e7e
\nSibirya T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi
\nG\u00fcney Sibirya T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi [2]
\nAynu
\nYaz\u0131 sistemi Arap alfabesi<\/p>\n

\"\"
\n\u00c4ynu’nun (k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131) Sincan’daki yerlerini g\u00f6steren harita<\/p>\n

Bu makale IPA fonetik sembollerini i\u00e7ermektedir . Uygun g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc olu\u015fturma deste\u011fi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Unicode karakterler yerine soru i\u015faretleri, kutular veya ba\u015fka simgeler g\u00f6rebilirsiniz . IPA simgelerine ili\u015fkin giri\u015f k\u0131lavuzu i\u00e7in bkz. Yard\u0131m:IPA .
\n\u00c4ynu (Abdal olarak da bilinir) Bat\u0131 \u00c7in’de konu\u015fulan bir T\u00fcrk kriptolektir . Baz\u0131 dilbilimciler bunu kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k bir dil olarak adland\u0131r\u0131yor ; [3] \u00e7o\u011funlukla T\u00fcrk\u00e7e dilbilgisi, esasen Uygurca , ancak esas olarak \u0130ranca kelime da\u011farc\u0131\u011f\u0131 var. [4] [5] Di\u011fer dilbilimciler bunun karma bir dilin teknik gereksinimlerini kar\u015f\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunuyorlar. [5] Bu dili, ileti\u015fimlerini yabanc\u0131lardan gizli tutmak i\u00e7in kullanan g\u00f6\u00e7ebe bir halk olan \u00c4ynu taraf\u0131ndan konu\u015fulmaktad\u0131r .<\/p>\n

\u0130sim<\/p>\n

Dil, Abdal , Aini , Ainu , Ayni , Aynu , Eyni ve Eynu dahil olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 yaz\u0131mla bilinmektedir . [ 6] Uygur kaynaklar\u0131nda yayg\u0131n olarak Abdal (\u0626\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644) yaz\u0131m\u0131 kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r . Rus kaynaklar\u0131nda Eynu , Aynu , Abdal (\u042d\u0439\u043d\u0443, \u0410\u0439\u043d\u0443, \u0410\u0431\u0434\u0430\u043b) kullan\u0131l\u0131rken \u00c7incede Ainu yaz\u0131m\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131r . \u00c4ynu halk\u0131 kendi dillerine \u00c4yn\u00fa (\u0626\u06d5\u064a\u0646\u06c7, xx [\u025bj\u02c8nu] ) ad\u0131n\u0131 verir.<\/p>\n

Co\u011frafi
\n\u00c4ynu , Bat\u0131 \u00c7in’de , Sincan’da, Tar\u0131m Havzas\u0131’ndaki Taklimakan \u00c7\u00f6l\u00fc’n\u00fcn kenar\u0131ndaki Alevi M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar aras\u0131nda konu\u015fulmaktad\u0131r .<\/p>\n

Benzer \u015fekilde T\u00fcrkiye ve \u00d6zbekistan dahil di\u011fer yerlerde de T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ve Fars\u00e7an\u0131n kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k \u00e7e\u015fitleri konu\u015fulmaktad\u0131r. Bu \u00e7e\u015fitleri konu\u015fanlara “Abdal” ad\u0131 da verilmektedir. [3]<\/p>\n

Gizli dil olarak kullan<\/p>\n

\u00c4ynu dilini konu\u015fan tek ki\u015filer, ba\u015fkalar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan anla\u015f\u0131lmadan ileti\u015fim kurmak i\u00e7in kendi yerle\u015fim b\u00f6lgelerinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bu dili konu\u015ftuklar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclen yeti\u015fkin erkeklerdir. Uygurca, \u00c4ynu dilini konu\u015fmayan yabanc\u0131larla ve evde ki\u015finin konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 gizlemenin gerekli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda konu\u015fulur. [10]<\/p>\n

Kelime bilgisi<\/p>\n

Aynucan\u0131n temel s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerinin \u00e7o\u011fu \u0130ran dillerinden gelmektedir ve bu dilin aslen \u0130ran dili oldu\u011fu ve uzun bir s\u00fcre sonra T\u00fcrk diline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc tahmin edilebilir. [11] Ainu dilinde \u00fc\u00e7 kelime olu\u015fturma y\u00f6ntemi vard\u0131r: basit kelimeler, t\u00fcretilmi\u015f kelimeler ve bile\u015fik kelimeler. T\u00fcretilmi\u015f kelimelerin ekleri hem Uygur hem de Fars k\u00f6kenlidir. Ya\u015fl\u0131lar \u00e7o\u011funlukla Fars\u00e7a ekleri kullan\u0131rken, gen\u00e7ler ise Uygurca k\u00f6kenli kelime ve ekleri kullanmaktad\u0131r. [12]<\/p>\n

Referanslar<\/p>\n

Louie, Kam (2008). Modern \u00c7in K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn Cambridge Arkada\u015f\u0131. Cambridge \u00dcniversitesi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131. P. 114.ISBN_ 978-0521863223.
\nBader, Alyssa Christine (9 May\u0131s 2012). “Can\u0131m annem: Modern ve antik Sincan Uygur \u00d6zerk B\u00f6lgesi’ndeki kimlik sorunlar\u0131”. Alyssa Christine BaderWhitman Kolejis31. Eri\u015fim tarihi : 19 Kas\u0131m 2020.
\nStarr, S. Frederick (2004). Sincan: \u00c7in’in M\u00fcsl\u00fcman S\u0131n\u0131r B\u00f6lgesi: \u00c7in’in M\u00fcsl\u00fcman S\u0131n\u0131r B\u00f6lgesi. Routledge. P. 303.ISBN_ 978-0765613189.
\nJohanson, Lars (2001). “T\u00fcrk Dil Haritas\u0131 \u00dczerine Ke\u015fifler”(PDF). Skrifter. Stockholm: \u0130stanbul’daki \u0130sve\u00e7 Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc. 5: 21\u201322.
\nMinahan, James B. (2014). Kuzey, Do\u011fu ve Orta Asya’n\u0131n Etnik Gruplar\u0131: Bir Ansiklopedi . ABC-CLIO. s. 14\u201315. ISBN 9781610690188.
\nSafran, William (1998). \u00c7in’de Milliyet\u00e7ilik ve Etno-B\u00f6lgesel Kimlikler . Routledge. P. 77.ISBN _ 978-0-7146-4921-4.
\nMatras, Yaron; Bakker, Peter (2003). Karma Dil Tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131: Teorik ve Ampirik Geli\u015fmeler . Walter de Gruyter. P. 9.ISBN’si _ 3-11-017776-5.
\nGordon, Raymond G., Jr., ed. (2005). Ethnologue: D\u00fcnya Dilleri (15. bask\u0131). Dallas, Teksas: SIL Uluslararas\u0131.<\/p>\n

Notlar\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n
\n
\n
    \n
  1. ^<\/a><\/b><\/span>\u00a0\u00c4ynu\u00a0<\/a>,<\/a><\/i>\u00a0Ethnologue’da(26. bask\u0131, 2023)\"Kapal\u0131<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n
  2. ^\u00a0<\/a><\/b><\/span>“Ainu (\u00c7in)”<\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0Glottolog<\/i>\u00a0.<\/cite><\/span><\/li>\n
  3. ^\u015euraya atla:<\/span>a\u00a0<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0Bakker, Peter (2003).\u00a0<\/cite><\/span>“\u00d6zerk Sistemler Olarak Karma Diller”.\u00a0<\/cite><\/span>Matras’ta Yaron;\u00a0<\/cite><\/span>Bakker, Peter (ed.).\u00a0<\/cite><\/span>Karma Dil Tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131: Teorik ve Ampirik Geli\u015fmeler<\/i><\/cite><\/span>.\u00a0<\/cite><\/span>Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.\u00a0<\/cite><\/span>s. 107\u2013150.\u00a0<\/cite><\/span>ISBN<\/a><\/cite><\/span><\/i>\u00a0978-3-11-017776-3<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/cite><\/span><\/li>\n
  4. ^<\/a><\/b><\/span>\u00a0Liang, Siyu (2020).\u00a0<\/cite><\/span>“Eynu’yu Belgelemek: Dil Temas\u0131 \u00dczerine Bir \u00d6rnek Olay”<\/a><\/cite><\/span>\u00a0.\u00a0<\/cite><\/span>Pensilvanya \u00dcniversitesi Dilbilim \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Makaleleri<\/i><\/cite><\/span>\u00a0.\u00a0<\/cite><\/span>26<\/b><\/cite><\/span>\u00a0(1).<\/cite><\/span><\/i><\/b><\/cite><\/li>\n
  5. ^\u015euraya atla:<\/span>a\u00a0<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0Johansson (2001)<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n
  6. ^<\/a><\/b><\/span>\u00a0Lee-Smith, Mei W. (1996).\u00a0<\/cite><\/span>“Ejnu Dili”.\u00a0<\/cite><\/span>Wurm’da Stephen A.;\u00a0<\/cite><\/span>M\u00fchlh\u00e4usler, Peter;\u00a0<\/cite><\/span>Tyron, Darrell T. (ed.).\u00a0<\/cite><\/span>Pasifik, Asya ve Amerika’da K\u00fclt\u00fcrleraras\u0131 \u0130leti\u015fim Dilleri Atlas\u0131, Cilt 2, B\u00f6l\u00fcm 1<\/i><\/a><\/cite><\/span>\u00a0.\u00a0<\/cite><\/span>Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.\u00a0<\/cite><\/span>P.\u00a0<\/cite><\/span>851.ISBN\u00a0<\/cite><\/span>_<\/a><\/cite><\/span><\/i>\u00a0978-3-11-013417-9<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/cite><\/span><\/li>\n
  7. ^<\/a><\/b><\/span>\u00a0Louie, Kam (2008).\u00a0<\/cite><\/span>Modern \u00c7in K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn Cambridge Arkada\u015f\u0131<\/i><\/cite><\/span>\u00a0.\u00a0<\/cite><\/span>Cambridge: Cambridge \u00dcniversitesi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.\u00a0<\/cite><\/span>P.\u00a0<\/cite><\/span>114.ISBN\u00a0<\/cite><\/span>_<\/a><\/cite><\/span><\/i>\u00a0978-0-521-86322-3<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/cite><\/span><\/li>\n
  8. ^<\/a><\/b><\/span>\u00a0Starr, S. Frederick, ed.\u00a0<\/cite><\/span>(2004).\u00a0<\/cite><\/span>Sincan: \u00c7in’in M\u00fcsl\u00fcman S\u0131n\u0131r B\u00f6lgesi<\/i><\/cite><\/span>\u00a0.\u00a0<\/cite><\/span>Londra: Routledge.\u00a0<\/cite><\/span>P.\u00a0<\/cite><\/span>303.ISBN\u00a0<\/cite><\/span>_<\/a><\/cite><\/span><\/i>\u00a0978-0765613189<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/cite><\/span><\/li>\n
  9. ^<\/a><\/b><\/span>\u00a0Bader, Alyssa Christine (2012).\u00a0<\/cite><\/span>Sevgili Mumya: Modern ve Antik Sincan Uygur \u00d6zerk B\u00f6lgesinde Kimlik Sorunlar\u0131<\/i><\/a><\/cite><\/span>\u00a0(Tez).\u00a0<\/cite><\/span>Whitman Koleji.\u00a0<\/cite><\/span>P.\u00a0<\/cite><\/span>31.<\/cite><\/span><\/i><\/cite><\/li>\n
  10. ^<\/a><\/b><\/span>\u00a0Johansson (2001)<\/a>\u00a0, s.\u00a022<\/span><\/li>\n
  11. ^<\/a><\/b><\/span>\u00a0Zhao, Xiangru\u8d75\u76f8\u5982 (2011).\u00a0<\/cite><\/span>\u00c0in\u01d4y\u01d4 y\u00e1nji\u016b<\/i><\/cite><\/span><\/i>\u00a0Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri<\/bdi>[\u00a0Ainu \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131<\/i>\u00a0] (\u00c7ince).\u00a0Pekin Shi: Minzu Chubanshe.\u00a0P.\u00a021.ISBN’si\u00a0_<\/a>\u00a0978-7-105-11364-4<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/cite><\/span><\/li>\n
  12. ^<\/a><\/b><\/span>\u00a0Zhao, Xiangru\u8d75\u76f8\u5982;\u00a0<\/cite><\/span>Aximu\u963f\u897f\u6728 (1982).\u00a0<\/cite><\/span>“X\u012bnji\u0101ng \u00c0in\u01d4r\u00e9n de y\u01d4y\u00e1n”<\/cite><\/span>\u65b0\u7586\u827e\u52aa\u4eba\u7684\u8bed\u8a00<\/bdi>[As\u0131m: Sincan’daki Ainu Halk\u0131n\u0131n Dili].\u00a0Y\u01d4y\u00e1n yanji\u016b<\/i>\u00a0Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri<\/bdi>(\u00c7in’de).\u00a01982<\/b>\u00a0(1): 259\u2013279.<\/cite><\/span><\/li>\n
  13. ^<\/a><\/b><\/span>\u00a0Serkan \u00c7akmak (2015).\u00a0<\/cite><\/span>“TARIM HAVZASI ABDALLARININ G\u0130ZL\u0130 D\u0130L\u0130: EYNUCA”.\u00a0<\/cite><\/span>Uluslararas\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7e Edebiyat K\u00fclt\u00fcr E\u011fitim Dergisi<\/i><\/cite><\/span>\u00a0.\u00a0<\/cite><\/span>4<\/b><\/cite><\/span>\u00a0: 1490.<\/cite><\/span><\/i><\/b><\/cite><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

    Referanslar\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n
    \n