{"id":709,"date":"2024-02-22T10:43:22","date_gmt":"2024-02-22T10:43:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mehmetozgurersan.com\/?p=709"},"modified":"2024-02-22T10:43:22","modified_gmt":"2024-02-22T10:43:22","slug":"dervis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mehmetozgurersan.com\/?p=709","title":{"rendered":"DERV\u0130\u015e"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Dervi\u015f<\/span><\/span><\/h1>\n<\/header>\n
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Dervi\u015f<\/b>\u00a0,\u00a0Darve\u015f<\/b>\u00a0veya\u00a0Dervi\u015f<\/b>\u00a0(Fars\u00e7a’dan\u00a0:<\/a>\u00a0\u062f\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0634\u00a0,<\/span>\u00a0Darv\u012bsh\u00a0)<\/i>\u00a0[\u00a01]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0geni\u015f anlamda bir Sufi\u00a0<\/a>karde\u015fli\u011finin<\/a>\u00a0(\u00a0tarikat<\/i>\u00a0),\u00a0[2]\u00a0<\/a><\/sup>[3]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0[\u00a0<\/a>4]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0\u00fcyelerini\u00a0veya daha dar anlamda bir dindar\u00a0dilenciyi<\/a>\u00a0ifade edebilir . Maddi yoksullu\u011fu se\u00e7ti veya kabul etti.\u00a0[2]\u00a0<\/a><\/sup>[4]\u00a0<\/a><\/sup>[5]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0\u0130kinci kullan\u0131ma \u00f6zellikle Fars\u00e7a ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7ede<\/a>\u00a0(\u00a0dervi\u015f<\/i>\u00a0) ve ayr\u0131ca\u00a0Arap\u00e7a\u00a0faq\u012br<\/a><\/i>\u00a0terimine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen Amazigh’de<\/a>\u00a0(\u00a0Aderwish<\/i>\u00a0) rastlan\u0131r\u00a0.\u00a0[2]\u00a0<\/a><\/sup>[4]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Onlar\u0131n odak noktas\u0131, Tanr\u0131’ya<\/a>\u00a0ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in nefsin (\u00a0nefs<\/a><\/i>\u00a0) yan\u0131lsamalar\u0131n\u0131 terk ederek evrensel sevgi ve hizmet de\u011ferleridir\u00a0.\u00a0\u00c7o\u011fu Sufi tarikat\u0131nda, bir dervi\u015fin\u00a0Tanr\u0131’ya ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in vecd trans\u0131na ula\u015fmak amac\u0131yla fiziksel efor veya dini uygulamalar yoluyla\u00a0zikir uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir.\u00a0<\/a><\/i>[3]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0En pop\u00fcler uygulamalar\u0131 13. y\u00fczy\u0131l misti\u011fi\u00a0Rumi<\/a>\u00a0ile ili\u015fkilendirilen\u00a0Sama’d\u0131r<\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0Folklorda ve tasavvufun taraftarlar\u0131\u00a0aras\u0131nda dervi\u015flere genellikle\u00a0<\/a>mucizeler<\/a>\u00a0yaratma ve\u00a0do\u011fa\u00fcst\u00fc<\/a>\u00a0g\u00fc\u00e7ler g\u00f6sterme\u00a0yetene\u011fi atfedilir .\u00a0[6]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Tarihsel olarak Dervi\u015f terimi, \u00e7e\u015fitli \u0130slami siyasi hareketleri veya askeri olu\u015fumlar\u0131 tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in daha gev\u015fek bir \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n
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Aslanl\u0131 ve kaplanl\u0131 dervi\u015f,\u00a0<\/span>Bab\u00fcr tablosu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0,\u00a0<\/span>c.\u00a0<\/span><\/abbr>\u20091650<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
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Amedeo Preziosi’nin<\/span><\/a>\u00a0canland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0Osmanl\u0131<\/a>\u00a0Dervi\u015fi ,\u00a0<\/span>c.\u00a0<\/span><\/abbr>\u20091860’lar<\/span>\u00a0,\u00a0<\/span>Muzeul National de Art\u0103 al Rom\u00e2niei<\/span><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
<\/a><\/figure>\n

<\/b>Abd\u00fclkadir Gilani<\/a>\u00a0T\u00fcrbesi\u00a0, Ba\u011fdat, Irak\u0130slam’da\u00a0<\/span><\/sup><\/p>\n

Etimoloji\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

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Fars\u00e7a\u00a0derv\u012bsh<\/i>\u00a0(\u00a0\u062f\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0634<\/span><\/span>\u00a0) kelimesi\u00a0eski bir k\u00f6kene sahiptir ve\u00a0Orta Fars\u00e7a\u00a0driyosh arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla\u00a0<\/i>Avestan’da\u00a0<\/a>drigu-<\/i><\/span><\/span>\u00a0, “<\/span><\/a>\u00a0muhta\u00e7,\u00a0dilenci<\/a>\u00a0” olarak\u00a0g\u00f6r\u00fcnen\u00a0Proto-\u0130ran dilindeki<\/a>\u00a0bir kelimeden gelmektedir .\u00a0[5] Arap\u00e7a\u00a0<\/a><\/sup>faq\u012br<\/a><\/i>\u00a0kelimesiyle ayn\u0131 anlama gelir\u00a0;\u00a0[2]\u00a0<\/a><\/sup>[4],<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Allah’a olan mutlak ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 ve mutlak ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 yapt\u0131klar\u0131 her \u015feyde ve ald\u0131klar\u0131 her nefeste a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan insanlar anlam\u0131na gelir.\u00a0[7]<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/i><\/i><\/i><\/sup><\/i><\/sup><\/sup><\/sup><\/h2>\n

Dini uygulama<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

Dervi\u015fler Allah’a dini ilimle de\u011fil, erdemlerle ve bireysel deneyimlerle yakla\u015fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar.\u00a0<\/span>[8]<\/span><\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Pek \u00e7ok dervi\u015f, mollalar\u0131n<\/span><\/a>\u00a0aksine, yoksulluk yemini etmi\u015f dilenci zahitlerdir\u00a0.\u00a0Yalvarmalar\u0131n\u0131n as\u0131l sebebi tevazuyu \u00f6\u011frenmektir ama dervi\u015flerin kendi iyilikleri i\u00e7in dilenmeleri yasakt\u0131r.\u00a0Toplanan paray\u0131 di\u011fer fakirlere vermek zorundalar.\u00a0Di\u011ferleri ortak mesleklerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor;\u00a0\u00d6rne\u011fin, T\u00fcrkiye’de Kadiri olarak bilinen M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131\u00a0<\/span>Kadiriyye<\/span><\/a>\u00a0bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Baz\u0131 klasik yazarlar dervi\u015fin yoksullu\u011funun sadece ekonomik olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmektedirler.\u00a0Mesela kendisi de bir dervi\u015f olarak \u00e7ok seyahat eden ve bunlar hakk\u0131nda geni\u015f kapsaml\u0131 yaz\u0131lar yazan\u00a0<\/span>Saadi ,\u00a0<\/span><\/a>G\u00fclistan’\u0131nda<\/span><\/a><\/i>\u00a0\u015f\u00f6yle diyor :<\/span><\/p>\n

Elbise ya da tespih ne i\u015fe yarar?<\/span><\/p>\n

Yoksa d\u00fc\u011fmeli giysi mi?\u00a0Kendini tut ama<\/span>
\nk\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fcklerden uzak ol, sana gerek kalmayacak<\/span>
\nKe\u00e7eden bir ba\u015fl\u0131k takmana: dervi\u015f olsun<\/span><\/p>\n

Kalbinde ve Tataristan \u015fapkas\u0131n\u0131 tak.\u00a0<\/span>[9]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Mevlana,\u00a0<\/span><\/a>Mesnevi’sinin<\/span><\/a>\u00a01. Kitab\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle yaz\u0131yor\u00a0:\u00a0<\/span>[10]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0130\u00e7ine d\u00f6k\u00fclen su tekneyi bat\u0131r\u0131r<\/span><\/p>\n

Alt\u0131ndaki su onu ayakta tutar.<\/span>
\nZenginli\u011fi y\u00fcre\u011finden uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131p saf tutmak i\u00e7in<\/span>
\nKral S\u00fcleyman ‘Fakir’ lakab\u0131n\u0131 tercih etti:<\/span>
\nD\u0131\u015far\u0131daki f\u0131rt\u0131nal\u0131 denizdeki o m\u00fch\u00fcrl\u00fc kavanoz<\/span>
\nHava dolu oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in dalgalar\u0131n \u00fczerinde y\u00fczer,<\/span>
\n\u0130\u00e7inde dervi\u015flik havas\u0131 varken<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00fczerinde s\u00fcz\u00fcleceksin ve orada kalacaks\u0131n…<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

<\/span>Sufi SEMA_<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n
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D\u00f6nen dervi\u015fler<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, Mevlana Festivali 2007<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
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Avanos’taki Dervi\u015f K\u00fclt\u00fcr Merkezi’nde sem\u00e2 t\u00f6reni<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
Sufi sema<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n

Dervi\u015flerle me\u015fhur oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenen sema dans\u0131 veya\u00a0<\/span>Sufi sema,<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Bat\u0131’da en iyi T\u00fcrkiye’deki\u00a0<\/span>Mevlevi tarikat\u0131n\u0131n uygulamalar\u0131 (g\u00f6sterileri) ile bilinir ve\u00a0<\/span><\/a>Sama<\/span><\/a>\u00a0olarak bilinen resmi bir t\u00f6renin par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r\u00a0.\u00a0Ancak di\u011fer tarikatlar taraf\u0131ndan da uygulanmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0<\/span>Sema , dini vecde<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(\u00a0<\/span>mecid<\/span><\/i>\u00a0,\u00a0<\/span>fena<\/span><\/i>\u00a0) ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan bir\u00e7ok Sufi t\u00f6reninden yaln\u0131zca biridir\u00a0.\u00a0<\/span>Mevlevi<\/span><\/i>\u00a0ismi\u00a0kendisi de dervi\u015f olan\u00a0<\/span>\u0130ranl\u0131<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u015fair\u00a0<\/span>Rumi’den<\/span><\/a>\u00a0gelmektedir .\u00a0Bu uygulama e\u011flence ama\u00e7l\u0131 olmasa da T\u00fcrkiye’de turistik bir cazibe merkezi haline geldi.\u00a0<\/span>[11]\u00a0<\/span><\/a><\/sup>[12]\u00a0<\/span><\/a><\/sup>[13]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

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Dervi\u015flerin Dans\u0131, Atina,\u00a0<\/span>Osmanl\u0131 Yunanistan\u0131<\/span><\/a>\u00a0,\u00a0<\/span>Dodwell<\/span><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u00c7e\u015fitli dervi\u015f tarikatlar\u0131 vard\u0131r ve bunlar\u0131n neredeyse tamam\u0131 k\u00f6kenlerini \u00e7e\u015fitli M\u00fcsl\u00fcman velilerden ve hocalardan, \u00f6zellikle de\u00a0<\/span>\u0130mam Ali’den<\/span><\/a>\u00a0al\u0131r .\u00a0Y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca \u00e7e\u015fitli tak\u0131mlar ve alt tak\u0131mlar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve ortadan kayboldu.\u00a0<\/span>Dervi\u015fler Kuzey Afrika<\/span><\/a>\u00a0,\u00a0<\/span>Afrika Boynuzu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0,\u00a0<\/span>T\u00fcrkiye<\/span><\/a>\u00a0,\u00a0<\/span>Anadolu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0,\u00a0<\/span>Balkanlar<\/span><\/a>\u00a0,\u00a0<\/span>Kafkaslar<\/span><\/a>\u00a0,\u00a0<\/span>Orta Asya<\/span><\/a>\u00a0,\u00a0<\/span>\u0130ran<\/span><\/a>\u00a0,\u00a0<\/span>Pakistan<\/span><\/a>\u00a0,\u00a0<\/span>Hindistan<\/span><\/a>\u00a0,\u00a0<\/span>Afganistan<\/span><\/a>\u00a0ve\u00a0<\/span>Tacikistan’a<\/span><\/a>\u00a0yay\u0131ld\u0131\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Di\u011fer dervi\u015f gruplar\u0131 aras\u0131nda\u00a0yeni\u00e7erilere<\/a>\u00a0ba\u011fl\u0131\u00a0<\/span>Bekta\u015filer<\/span><\/a>\u00a0ve\u00a0inan\u00e7lar\u0131 olduk\u00e7a ortodoks olan\u00a0Senussiler bulunmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0<\/a>Di\u011fer dernekler ve alt gruplar , kendi \u00f6zel geleneklerine g\u00f6re gruplar halinde\u00a0Kuran<\/a>\u00a0ayetleri okur\u00a0, davul \u00e7alar veya\u00a0d\u00f6nerek d\u00f6nerler .\u00a0<\/a>G\u00fcney Asya’daki<\/a>\u00a0\u00e7o\u011fu Sufi tarikat\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi , bir\u00e7o\u011fu\u00a0\u00c7i\u015fti<\/a>\u00a0tarikat\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 veya ondan etkilenmi\u015f olan\u00a0meditasyon<\/a>\u00a0yap\u0131yorlar\u00a0.\u00a0Her\u00a0karde\u015flik,<\/a>\u00a0baz\u0131lar\u0131 olduk\u00e7a sert olabilen, kendi k\u0131yafetlerini ve kabul ve inisiyasyon y\u00f6ntemlerini kullan\u0131r.\u00a017. y\u00fczy\u0131lda uygulanan Sufi dervi\u015fli\u011fi bi\u00e7imi bat\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, sab\u0131r ve pasifizm<\/a>\u00a0merkezliydi\u00a0.\u00a0[14]<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/sup><\/p>\n

Di\u011fer\u00a0<\/span><\/span>tarihsel<\/a><\/span><\/span>\u00a0kullan\u0131mlar\u00a0<\/span><\/span>_<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n
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Sudanl\u0131\u00a0<\/span>Mehd\u00ee<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Dervi\u015f (1899)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Mehdistler\u00a0<\/span><\/span>_\u00a0<\/span><\/span>_<\/span><\/a>\u00a0_<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n
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\u00c7e\u015fitli Bat\u0131l\u0131 tarih yazarlar\u0131 bazen dervi\u015f<\/span><\/i>\u00a0terimini olduk\u00e7a gev\u015fek bir \u015fekilde kullanm\u0131\u015f ve\u00a0bunu di\u011fer \u015feylerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Sudan’daki<\/a>\u00a0Mehdist\u00a0<\/span>Sava\u015f\u0131<\/span><\/a>\u00a0ve \u0130slami askeri liderlerin di\u011fer \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla\u00a0ili\u015fkilendirmi\u015ftir .\u00a0Bu gibi durumlarda, “dervi\u015f” terimi, kar\u015f\u0131t \u0130slami yap\u0131 ve onun askeri, siyasi ve dini kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm \u00fcyeleri i\u00e7in genel (ve \u00e7o\u011fu zaman a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131) bir terim olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olabilir; buna, “dervi\u015f” olarak kabul edilmeyen ki\u015filer de dahildir. kat\u0131 anlam.\u00a0[\u00a0<\/sup>kaynak belirtilmeli<\/span><\/a><\/i><\/sup>\u00a0]<\/sup><\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Mehd\u00eelik Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda\u00a0<\/span>Muhammed Ahmed el-Mehd\u00ee<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, kendisine kat\u0131lmak i\u00e7in gelen herkese,\u00a0Peygamber’in ilk takip\u00e7ilerinin an\u0131s\u0131na,\u00a0<\/span>Ens\u00e2r denilmesi gerekti\u011fini emretti.\u00a0<\/span><\/a>Takip\u00e7ilerini tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in ‘dervi\u015f’ teriminin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 yasaklad\u0131.\u00a0Buna ra\u011fmen\u00a0<\/span>\u0130ngiliz askerleri ve s\u00f6m\u00fcrge yetkilileri bu terimi\u00a0<\/span><\/a>ensar<\/span><\/a><\/i>\u00a0ile ilgili olarak kullanmaya devam ettiler\u00a0.\u00a0Baz\u0131 Britanyal\u0131lar bu terimi Mehdi’nin taraftarlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131rken, \u0130ngiliz askerlerinin hafif silahl\u0131 dervi\u015flerin korkusuzlu\u011fu ve cesaretini anlatan anlat\u0131mlar\u0131nda da hayranl\u0131k duygusuyla kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0<\/span>[15] Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu kelime\u00a0<\/span><\/a><\/sup>ens\u00e2r<\/span><\/a><\/i>\u00a0ile yak\u0131ndan ili\u015fkili hale gelmi\u015f\u00a0ve bug\u00fcn bile Mehdi’nin takip\u00e7ileriyle ilgili olarak s\u0131kl\u0131kla yanl\u0131\u015f bir \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d6rne\u011fin, Sudan’daki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 g\u00f6steren \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f bir \u0130ngiliz \u00e7izimi “Dervi\u015flerin Toski’deki yenilgisi” ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yordu (bkz.\u00a0<\/span>Sudan Tarihi (1884\u20131898)#\u0130ngiliz tepkisi<\/span><\/a>\u00a0).<\/span><\/p>\n

Literat\u00fcrde\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131nda dervi\u015flerin hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 anlatan \u00e7e\u015fitli kitaplara rastlamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.\u00a0Me\u0161a Selimovi\u0107’in<\/a>\u00a0\u00d6l\u00fcm\u00a0<\/span>ve Dervi\u015f<\/span><\/a><\/i>\u00a0ve Frances Kazan’\u0131n\u00a0Dervi\u015f adl\u0131 eserlerinde<\/i>\u00a0bir Dervi\u015f’in hayat\u0131 kapsaml\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ele al\u0131nd\u0131.\u00a0[16]\u00a0<\/a><\/sup>[17]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Konuyla ilgili benzer \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara Robert Erwin’in\u00a0Memoirs of a Dervish: Sufis, Mystics and the Sixties<\/i>\u00a0gibi di\u011fer kitaplar\u0131nda da rastlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r .\u00a0[18]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Majdeddin Ali Bagher Ne’matollahi, Sufizm’in varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fc ve din ile bilim aras\u0131nda k\u00f6pr\u00fc oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir.\u00a0[\u00a0<\/sup>kaynak belirtilmeli<\/span><\/a><\/i><\/sup>\u00a0]<\/sup><\/span><\/i><\/sup><\/sup><\/i><\/sup><\/i><\/p>\n

Dervi\u015fler\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00dczerine\u00a0<\/span><\/span>G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler<\/span><\/a>\u00a0_<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

Dervi\u015fler ve onlar\u0131n Sufi uygulamalar\u0131 geleneksel S\u00fcnni M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar taraf\u0131ndan kabul edilmektedir, ancak\u00a0<\/span>Deobandiler<\/span><\/a>\u00a0ve\u00a0<\/span>Selefiler<\/span><\/a>\u00a0gibi farkl\u0131 gruplar Dervi\u015flerin \u00e7e\u015fitli uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131 \u0130slami olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle g\u00f6z ard\u0131 etmektedir.\u00a0<\/span>[19]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

Galeri\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

\"Dervi\u015f[\u00a0de\u011fi\u015ftir\u00a0]<\/a><\/h2>\n