{"id":716,"date":"2024-02-22T11:55:41","date_gmt":"2024-02-22T11:55:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mehmetozgurersan.com\/?p=716"},"modified":"2024-02-22T12:01:24","modified_gmt":"2024-02-22T12:01:24","slug":"hallac-i-mansur","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mehmetozgurersan.com\/?p=716","title":{"rendered":"HALLAC-I MANSUR"},"content":{"rendered":"
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el-Hallaj<\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\u0130slam mistik<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Ayr\u0131ca \u015f\u00f6yle bilinir: Ebu’l-Mu\u011f\u00ees el-\u1e24usayn ibn Man\u1e63\u016br el-\u1e24all\u0101j<\/div>\n
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Ad\u0131:<\/dt>\n
Ebu’l-Mu\u011fis el-H\u00fcseyn ibn Mansur el-Hallaj<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n
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Do\u011fmak:<\/dt>\n
C.\u00a0<\/em>858,, Tur,\u00a0\u0130ran<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n
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\u00d6l\u00fc:<\/dt>\n
26 Mart 922,\u00a0Ba\u011fdat<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n
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<\/span>El-Hall\u0101c<\/strong>\u00a0(d\u00a0.<\/em>\u00a0858, Tur, \u0130ran \u2014 \u00f6. 26 Mart 922, Ba\u011fdat), tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 yazar ve \u0130slam\u00a0tasavvuf<\/a>\u00a0\u00f6\u011fretmeni (<\/span>Tasavvuf<\/a>\u00a0).\u00a0Pek \u00e7ok M\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u0131n tecr\u00fcbelerini, davalar\u0131n\u0131 ve emellerini<\/a>\u00a0kendi \u015fahs\u0131nda temsil etmesi ve i\u015flemesi\u00a0, baz\u0131lar\u0131nda hayranl\u0131k baz\u0131lar\u0131nda ise bask\u0131 uyand\u0131rmas\u0131 nedeniyle, onun ya\u015fam ve \u00f6l\u00fcm dram\u0131 \u0130slam tarihinde bir referans noktas\u0131 olarak kabul edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

El-Hallaj, \u0130ran’\u0131n g\u00fcneyindeki Fars vilayetindeki T\u00fbr\u00a0toplulu\u011funda<\/a>\u00a0do\u011fdu .\u00a0Gelene\u011fe g\u00f6re b\u00fcy\u00fckbabas\u0131 bir Zerd\u00fc\u015ftt\u00fc ve Muhammed’in sahabesi Eb\u00fb Eyy\u00fbb’un soyundan geliyordu.\u00a0El-Hallaj k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya\u015fta Irak’\u0131n tekstil, ticaret ve Arap\u00a0<\/a>k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc<\/a>\u00a0a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir merkezi olan W\u0101si\u1e6d \u015fehrinde ya\u015famaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u00a0.\u00a0Babas\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmu\u015ftu ve muhtemelen y\u00fcn tarayarak<\/a>\u00a0aileyi ge\u00e7indiriyordu\u00a0.<\/p>\n

El-Hall\u0101c , erken ya\u015flarda\u00a0m\u00fcnzevi<\/a>\u00a0bir ya\u015fam tarz\u0131na ilgi duydu .\u00a0Sadece Kur’an’\u0131 (\u0130slami metinleri) ezberlemekle yetinmedi, onun daha derin ve i\u00e7sel manalar\u0131n\u0131 anlamaya motive oldu.\u00a0Ergenlik d\u00f6neminde (\u00a0c.<\/em>\u00a0874-894), \u0130slam tasavvufunun olu\u015fma d\u00f6neminde oldu\u011fu bir d\u00f6nemde, d\u00fcnyadan \u00e7ekilmeye ve kendisine tasavvuf yolunda e\u011fitim verebilecek ki\u015filerin arkada\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 aramaya ba\u015flad\u0131.\u00a0\u00d6\u011fretmenleri,<\/span>Sehl et-Tustar\u012b<\/a>\u00a0, `Amr ibn `Osm\u0101n al-<\/span>Mekki ve\u00a0Ebu’l-K\u00e2s\u0131m<\/a>\u00a0el-<\/span>C\u00fcneyd, tasavvufun \u00fcstadlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda olduk\u00e7a sayg\u0131n bir isimdi.\u00a0\u0130lk olarak Huzistan’\u0131n Tustar \u015fehrinde sessiz ve yaln\u0131z bir ya\u015fam s\u00fcren Sehl et-Tustar\u012b’nin yan\u0131nda e\u011fitim g\u00f6ren Hallac, daha sonra\u00a0Basral\u0131 Markk\u012b’nin\u00a0\u00f6\u011frencisi oldu.\u00a0<\/a>Bu d\u00f6nemde sufi Eb\u00fb Ya’k\u00fbb el-Akt\u00e2’n\u0131n k\u0131z\u0131yla evlendi.\u00a0El-Mekki’nin de ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde e\u011fitim ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ba\u011fdatl\u0131<\/a>\u00a0el-C\u00fcneyd’in yan\u0131nda\u00a0mistik bir \u015fekilde e\u011fitimini tamamlad\u0131 .<\/p>\n

Hayat\u0131n\u0131n sonraki d\u00f6neminde (\u00a0c.<\/em>\u00a0895-910), el-Hall\u0101c kapsaml\u0131 seyahatler yapt\u0131, vaaz verdi, ders verdi ve yazd\u0131.\u00a0Bir y\u0131l boyunca s\u0131k\u0131 bir disiplin<\/a>\u00a0uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0Mekke’ye<\/a>\u00a0hac ziyareti yapt\u0131\u00a0.\u00a0Fars, Huzistan ve Khor\u0101s\u0101n gibi b\u00f6lgelere d\u00f6nerek Tanr\u0131 ile\u00a0yak\u0131n<\/a>\u00a0bir ili\u015fkinin yolu hakk\u0131nda vaaz verdi ve yazd\u0131 .\u00a0Yolculuklar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda pek \u00e7ok\u00a0m\u00fcridin<\/a>\u00a0ilgisini \u00e7ekti ; bunlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 Mekke’ye yap\u0131lan ikinci hac yolculu\u011funda kendisine e\u015flik etti.\u00a0Daha sonra Ba\u011fdat’taki ailesinin yan\u0131na d\u00f6nd\u00fc ve daha sonra \u0130slam’\u0131n n\u00fcfuz etmedi\u011fi bir b\u00f6lgeye, Hindistan ve T\u00fcrkistan’a bir g\u00f6rev i\u00e7in deniz yoluyla yola \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.\u00a0Mekke’ye yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc hac yolculu\u011funun ard\u0131ndan tekrar Ba\u011fdat’a d\u00f6nd\u00fc (\u00a0c.<\/em>\u00a0908).<\/p>\n

Hallac’\u0131n vaaz verdi\u011fi ve yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortam sosyal, ekonomik, siyasi ve dini gerilimlerle doluydu; t\u00fcm fakt\u00f6rler onun daha sonra tutuklanmas\u0131na katk\u0131da\u00a0bulundu\u00a0.\u00a0<\/a>D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri ve faaliyetleri k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 olmu\u015f ve \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015fekillerde yorumlanm\u0131\u015f, bunlar\u0131n baz\u0131lar\u0131 onu sivil ve dini otoritelerin g\u00f6z\u00fcnde olduk\u00e7a \u015f\u00fcpheli b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.\u00a0Sufi hareketi genel olarak \u00f6nemli bir muhalefet uyand\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi ve uygulamas\u0131 hen\u00fcz hukuk, teoloji ve felsefedeki geli\u015fmelerle koordine edilmemi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Hallac’\u0131n seyahat etme\u00a0e\u011filimi<\/a>\u00a0ve mistik deneyimlerinin derinli\u011fini dinleyen herkesle payla\u015fma iste\u011fi,\u00a0tasavvuf \u00fcstatlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan disiplin\u00a0ihlali olarak de\u011ferlendirildi.\u00a0<\/a>Misyonerlik amac\u0131yla yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 seyahat, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 faaliyetlerini akla getiriyordu.<\/span>Karmatiler, Irak’ta<\/a>\u00a0Hamd\u0101n Karma\u1e6d taraf\u0131ndan kurulan, \u0130sm\u00e2il\u00ee ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 9. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan kalma bir hareket\u00a0, ter\u00f6r eylemleri ve misyonerleri merkezi h\u00fck\u00fcmetin otoritesini baltal\u0131yordu.\u00a0Kar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ailesi arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla, y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131larla ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011fundan \u015f\u00fcpheleniliyordu.<\/span>G\u00fcney Mezopotamya’daki Zanj isyan\u0131<\/a>\u00a0, d\u0131\u015far\u0131daki muhaliflerden ilham alan ve \u00f6nderlik eden ezilen siyah k\u00f6leler taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi.\u00a0Hallac’\u0131n Ba\u011fdat’a d\u00f6nd\u00fckten sonra siyasi ve\u00a0ahlaki reform giri\u015fimine\u00a0<\/a>kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddias\u0131<\/a>\u00a0,\u00a0tutuklanmas\u0131nda do\u011frudan etkili olan bir fakt\u00f6rd\u00fc ve siyasi liderlerin g\u00f6z\u00fcndeki imaj\u0131n\u0131 iyile\u015ftirmeye hi\u00e7bir \u015fey yapmad\u0131.<\/p>\n

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Hallac, \u201cay\u0131k\u201d olan\u0131n aksine \u201csarho\u015f\u201d bir Sufi olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0\u0130lki, \u015fu anda<\/span>Vecd halinde olanlar<\/a>\u00a0, ilahi olan\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan o kadar etkilenirler ki,\u00a0ki\u015fisel kimlik<\/a>\u00a0fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131 kaybolur ve nihai ger\u00e7eklikle birle\u015fme deneyimi ya\u015farlar.\u00a0Sufi, bu y\u00fcce hali ile a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir dil kullanmaya mahk\u00fbmdur.\u00a0Tutuklanmas\u0131ndan k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nce el-Hallaj’\u0131n,\u00a0ilahi oldu\u011funu iddia etti\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki su\u00e7lamaya neden olan “En\u00e2 el-hakk” (“Ben ger\u00e7e\u011fim” –\u00a0yani Tanr\u0131’y\u0131m) ifadesini s\u00f6yledi\u011fi s\u00f6ylenir.\u00a0<\/em>B\u00f6yle bir a\u00e7\u0131klama \u00e7o\u011fu M\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne g\u00f6re son derece uygunsuzdu.\u00a0\u00dcstelik bu, Karmatiler ve Zanj k\u00f6lelerinin destek\u00e7ileriyle ili\u015fkilendirilen t\u00fcrden bir teosofik (ilahi bilgelik) fikirdi.\u00a0Ancak Hallac konusunda\u00a0fikir birli\u011fi<\/a>\u00a0sa\u011flanamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r .\u00a0Uzun ve uzayan duru\u015fma s\u00fcre\u00e7lerine karars\u0131zl\u0131k damgas\u0131n\u0131 vurdu.<\/p>\n

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S\u016bs’ta tutuklanmas\u0131n\u0131n ve Ba\u011fdat’ta uzun bir tutukluluk d\u00f6neminin (\u00a0yakla\u015f\u0131k<\/em>\u00a0911-922) ard\u0131ndan el-Hall\u0101c sonunda \u00e7arm\u0131ha gerildi ve vah\u015fice i\u015fkenceyle \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc.\u00a0Onun infaz\u0131na b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kalabal\u0131k tan\u0131k oldu.\u00a0Korkun\u00e7 i\u015fkencelere sakince ve cesaretle katland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kendisini su\u00e7layanlar i\u00e7in af s\u00f6zleri s\u00f6yledi\u011fi hat\u0131rlan\u0131yor.\u00a0Bir anlamda \u0130slam \u00fcmmeti (\u00a0\u00fcmmet<\/em>\u00a0) kendisini mahkemeye \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Hallac, arkas\u0131nda onun \u00f6\u011fretilerini ve tecr\u00fcbelerini cesaretle tasdik eden sayg\u0131de\u011fer yaz\u0131lar ve destek\u00e7iler b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.\u00a0Bu nedenle sonraki \u0130slam tarihinde Hallac’\u0131n hayat\u0131 ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi nadiren g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilen bir konu olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

el-Hallaj \u0130slam mistik Ayr\u0131ca \u015f\u00f6yle bilinir: Ebu’l-Mu\u011f\u00ees el-\u1e24usayn ibn Man\u1e63\u016br el-\u1e24all\u0101j Ad\u0131: Ebu’l-Mu\u011fis el-H\u00fcseyn ibn Mansur el-Hallaj Do\u011fmak: C.\u00a0858,, Tur,\u00a0\u0130ran \u00d6l\u00fc: 26 Mart 922,\u00a0Ba\u011fdat El-Hall\u0101c\u00a0(d\u00a0.\u00a0858, Tur, \u0130ran \u2014 \u00f6. 26…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":717,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-716","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-makale"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mehmetozgurersan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/716","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mehmetozgurersan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mehmetozgurersan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mehmetozgurersan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mehmetozgurersan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=716"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/mehmetozgurersan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/716\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":722,"href":"https:\/\/mehmetozgurersan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/716\/revisions\/722"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mehmetozgurersan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/717"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mehmetozgurersan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=716"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mehmetozgurersan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=716"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mehmetozgurersan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=716"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}