Anadolu\u2019daki Alevi-Bekta\u015fi ocak sistemi, tarih boyunca iki ana ser\u00e7e\u015fmeye dayanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: Safev\u00ee tarikat\u0131n\u0131n Erdebil derg\u00e2h\u0131 ve Bekta\u015f\u00ee tarikat\u0131n\u0131n Hac\u0131 Bekta\u015f derg\u00e2h\u0131. G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrde ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnen ocaklar, erk\u00e2n ve buyru\u011funu bu iki merkezden alm\u0131\u015f, yol silsilelerini buradan s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu makalede, ocak sisteminin tarihsel k\u00f6keni, erk\u00e2n kitaplar\u0131 ve belgeler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k iddialar\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7ersizli\u011fi tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ocak sistemi, Alevi-Bekta\u015fi topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n hem inan\u00e7 hem de sosyal \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme bi\u00e7imidir. Ancak her ocak, bir tarikata ba\u011flanarak varl\u0131k bulmu\u015ftur. \u201cBa\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ocak\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 tarihsel ger\u00e7eklikle uyu\u015fmamaktad\u0131r. Nitekim, ocaklar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fc ya Safev\u00ee derg\u00e2h\u0131na (Erdebil) ya da Hac\u0131 Bekta\u015f derg\u00e2h\u0131na (Rum\/Anadolu) ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Safev\u00ee Tarikat\u0131 ve Ocaklar<\/p>\n
Safev\u00ee tarikat\u0131, \u015eeyh Safiyy\u00fcdd\u00een-i Erdebil\u00ee (\u00f6. 1334) taraf\u0131ndan kurulmu\u015f, onun soyundan gelen \u015eeyh C\u00fcneyd ve \u015eeyh Haydar ile K\u0131z\u0131lba\u015fl\u0131k ideolojisi Anadolu\u2019ya ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u015eah \u0130smail\u2019in (Hatayi) siyasalla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu yol, \u00f6zellikle Do\u011fu ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu\u2019daki ocaklar\u0131n ser\u00e7e\u015fmesi olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Erk\u00e2n Kitaplar\u0131:<\/p>\n
\u015eeyh Saf\u00ee Buyru\u011fu<\/p>\n
\u0130mam Cafer Buyru\u011fu
\nBu metinler, K\u0131z\u0131lba\u015f ocaklar\u0131n\u0131n dini, hukuki ve toplumsal kurallar\u0131n\u0131 belirlemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Belge: Erdebil derg\u00e2h\u0131n\u0131n Anadolu ocaklar\u0131na g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi halifeler ve fermanlar ar\u015fivlerde kay\u0131tl\u0131d\u0131r (bkz. Feridun Emecen, Safev\u00eeler ve Anadolu, \u0130stanbul 2014).<\/p>\n
Hac\u0131 Bekta\u015f Derg\u00e2h\u0131 ve Ocaklar<\/p>\n
Horasan erenlerinden H\u00fcnk\u00e2r Hac\u0131 Bekta\u015f Veli (\u00f6. 1271), Anadolu\u2019da derg\u00e2h\u0131n\u0131 kurarak Alevi-Bekta\u015fi ocaklar\u0131n\u0131n ser\u00e7e\u015fmesi olmu\u015ftur. Rumeli, Balkanlar ve Anadolu\u2019nun bir\u00e7ok yerindeki ocaklar bu merkeze ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle Bal\u0131m Sultan (\u00f6. 1516) d\u00f6neminde Bekta\u015filik tarikat olarak \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmi\u015f, ocaklar\u0131n erk\u00e2n\u0131 bu derg\u00e2h taraf\u0131ndan \u015fekillendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Ocak Ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131: Abdal Musa Oca\u011f\u0131, Kaygusuz Abdal Oca\u011f\u0131, Sar\u0131 Salt\u0131k Oca\u011f\u0131 ve daha niceleri Hac\u0131 Bekta\u015f derg\u00e2h\u0131yla ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Belge: Osmanl\u0131 ar\u015fivinde, Hac\u0131 Bekta\u015f derg\u00e2h\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 ocak dedelerinin beratlar\u0131 mevcuttur (bkz. Suraiya Faroqhi, Bekta\u015f\u00eelik ve Osmanl\u0131, Ankara 2005).<\/p>\n
Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Ocak Olmaz<\/p>\n
Tarih\u00ee belgeler ve erk\u00e2n kitaplar\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir ki, tamamen ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir ocak yoktur.<\/p>\n
Safev\u00ee ocaklar\u0131 Erdebil derg\u00e2h\u0131na,<\/p>\n
Bekta\u015f\u00ee ocaklar\u0131 Hac\u0131 Bekta\u015f derg\u00e2h\u0131na ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Alevi irfan\u0131 bunu \u00f6zl\u00fc s\u00f6zlerle dile getirir:<\/p>\n
> \u201cHer kuzunun anas\u0131 vard\u0131r, her ocak ser\u00e7e\u015fmesini bulur.\u201d<\/p>\n
Alevi-Bekta\u015fi ocak sistemi, iki b\u00fcy\u00fck tarikata dayan\u0131r: Safev\u00ee (Erdebil) ve Bekta\u015f\u00ee (Hac\u0131 Bekta\u015f). Bu nedenle, \u201cba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ocak\u201d kavram\u0131 tarihsel, teolojik ve sosyolojik a\u00e7\u0131dan temelsizdir. Anadolu\u2019daki b\u00fct\u00fcn ocaklar, bu iki ser\u00e7e\u015fmeden birine ba\u011flanarak yol y\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Mehmet \u00d6zg\u00fcr Ersan Abdal Yesari<\/p>\n
Kaynak\u00e7a<\/p>\n
Ahmet Ya\u015far Ocak, Babailer \u0130syan\u0131, Ankara: TTK, 1996.<\/p>\n
Ahmet Ya\u015far Ocak, Alev\u00ee ve Bekta\u015f\u00ee \u0130nan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n \u0130sl\u00e2m \u00d6ncesi Temelleri, \u0130stanbul: \u0130leti\u015fim, 2010.<\/p>\n
Feridun Emecen, Safev\u00eeler ve Anadolu, \u0130stanbul: Tima\u015f, 2014.<\/p>\n
Suraiya Faroqhi, Bekta\u015f\u00eelik ve Osmanl\u0131, Ankara: TTK, 2005.<\/p>\n
Irene Melikoff, Uyur \u0130dik Uyard\u0131lar: Alev\u00eelik-Bekta\u015f\u00eelik Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131, \u0130stanbul: Cem Yay\u0131nevi, 1993.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Anadolu\u2019daki Alevi-Bekta\u015fi ocak sistemi, tarih boyunca iki ana ser\u00e7e\u015fmeye dayanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: Safev\u00ee tarikat\u0131n\u0131n Erdebil derg\u00e2h\u0131 ve Bekta\u015f\u00ee tarikat\u0131n\u0131n Hac\u0131 Bekta\u015f derg\u00e2h\u0131. G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrde ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnen ocaklar, erk\u00e2n ve buyru\u011funu bu iki…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":742,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-741","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-konuk-yazar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mehmetozgurersan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/741","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mehmetozgurersan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mehmetozgurersan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mehmetozgurersan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mehmetozgurersan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=741"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/mehmetozgurersan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/741\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":743,"href":"https:\/\/mehmetozgurersan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/741\/revisions\/743"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mehmetozgurersan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/742"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mehmetozgurersan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=741"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mehmetozgurersan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=741"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mehmetozgurersan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=741"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}